Mohammed Ben Salmane : Du pétrole et du sang by Bradley Hope

Mohammed Ben Salmane : Du pétrole et du sang Reviews

• 
  Max

  An informative account of the rise of Mohammed bin Salman (MBS). My notes follow.
  
  When his elderly father became king in January 2015, MBS at 29 with no military experience became head of the Saudi Defense Ministry. MBS was aggressive and determined. Not first in the line of succession, he set out to demonstrate he was a force to be dealt with. After just eight weeks in the job, he ordered Saudi F15 jets to begin bombing the Houthi rebels in Yemen to the surprise of his generals and the U.S., a Saudi ally. The Houthi’s had been steadily gaining ground in Yemen on Saudi Arabia’s southern border. They were supported by Iran, Saudi Arabia’s archenemy. The U.S. realized MBS, who just launched a major war on his own, was very different than past Saudi leaders. Calling the war operation Decisive Storm, MBS quickly began a big domestic PR campaign depicting himself as a strong leader. Photos were everywhere showing him with a stern countenance consulting with generals, studying maps and the like.
  
  MBS’s income as a member of the royal family was not enough. He leveraged the influence he garnered as the king’s son to demand “loans” from wealthy business owners. He used the money to invest and start his own businesses. Real estate development proved lucrative. He was determined to establish a large fortune, a requisite for real power. He was not educated abroad and spoke only Arabic making him culturally closer to the Saudi public. But he realized money was in the West. He cultivated foreign contacts and advisors.
  
  King Salmon, who was fifty when MBS was born, had raised him more like a grandchild. MBS was brazen and hot tempered, but he had strong backing from his father who always had a soft spot for him. MBS believed that Saudi Arabia needed to diversify its investments and not rely solely on oil. He also wanted to pull foreign investment into his country. He developed grand ideas for the future. He realized that the religious extremism in Saudi Arabia, its outdated laws and subjugation of women stood in the way of prospering in the global business community. In April 2015 MBS gained control of Saudi Aramco putting him in charge of the nation’s oil industry. He also moved up in the line of succession to Deputy Crown Prince. In four months, MBS rose from an afterthought to a person of power and influence.
  
  MBS, of course, had internal rivals. But he was adept at countering them. He used social media extensively to sing his praises and discredit his rivals. MBS built a team to spy on opponents and manipulate the internet to his advantage. He paid employees at Twitter to leak information to him to find anonymous critics. By September of 2015 MBS was bringing domestic businesses in line, making sure they worked through him and his companies. For example, Saudia Air negotiated a big volume discount from Airbus. Great! MBS intervened. One of his companies bought the planes at the discount price and leased them to the airline at full price. Corruption was endemic in Saudi Arabia. Dissenters who threatened MBS’s plans were quickly dispatched, some kidnapped to never be seen again. MBS was setting up an extensive security service he could rely on.
  
  Next, he wanted to sell off a chunk of Aramco to create the investment fund MBS had dreamed of. He brought in McKinsey and other high-profile consultants. In January 2016, a year after his father’s accession, MBS announced the offering. Saudi Aramco was estimated to be valued at two trillion dollars, the same amount of the investment fund MBS wanted to create. However, MBS only wanted to sell a small slice of Aramco. He expected a lot of foreign investment in his new fund. It would not be all Saudi money and he wanted most of it invested in Saudi Arabia. He called his plan Vision 2030 and presented it to General Petraeus who was in Riyadh that month. Petraeus was blown away. MBS was knowledgeable, confidant and prepared. Other luminaries followed. Tony Blair, Lawrence Summers, and top bankers from the world’s elite came to view the plan. There was a lot of money to be made by the consultants and intermediaries. MBS also hosted Secretary of State John Kerry on the $430 million yacht he had just bought. MBS had the world’s attention.
  
  In September 2016, MBS teamed up with Masayoshi Son, CEO of SoftBank. He wanted to turn his fund into a sovereign wealth fund. Masayoshi wanted to establish a fund for technology investment and MBS agreed to put in $45 billion from the new sovereign wealth fund. In turn, MBS wanted Masayoshi to invest in his Vision Fund that would invest in Saudi Arabia. MBS already had teams of consultants working on his plan. He housed them on a cruise ship offshore from the entirely new city he planned to build on the Red Sea. It was to be a global technology center and the ultimate tourist paradise and had to completely outdo Dubai. MBS knew Saudi Arabian laws and cultural standards would have to give way in the new city. That is why he chose a remote site where there would be no conflict. He called the new city NEOM, a portmanteau meaning new and future. His Vision Fund would have to raise $500 billion for the project.
  
  MBS was thrilled when Donald Trump was elected, despite the anti-Islamic rhetoric. MBS just saw it as political posturing. But he knew Trump was also anti-Iran, Saudi Arabia’s biggest enemy. In Trump he saw someone he recognized, an old man with an outsized ego, just like the many royals he had manipulated. MBS convinced Jared Kushner that Trump’s first foreign trip should be to Saudi Arabia and Steve Bannon was an enthusiastic supporter. MBS got along well with Jared who was charged with arranging Trump’s trip to Saudi Arabia. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson expressed caution which caused Bannon to refer to him and his department as the deep state. Getting Trump as president to visit Saudi Arabia first of all countries in the world cemented MBS’s stature as the power in Saudi Arabia. MBS laid it on thick appealing to Trump’s ego at every turn. The pictures of Trump with King Salmon and Egyptian President el-Sisi standing staring off into space with their hands on a glowing orb spread around the world.
  
  Feeling empowered after the Trump visit in May 2017, MBS teamed up with the United Arab Emirates and then Egypt to completely boycott rival Qatar raising the eerie prospect of fighting between Gulf States all well supplied with American weapons. Qatar housed a huge American airbase. MBS hired Russian hackers to infiltrate Qatar’s information systems and send out deeply embarrassing phony statements that were widely reported as true. Qatar denied sending the statements, but the damage was done. MBS hated the Qatari royal family for its support of the Muslim Brotherhood and Al Jazeera which broadcast news critical of MBS and Saudi Arabia. MBS was now coming down not only on critics at home but in other countries. He wanted Qatar to be a vassal state. Trump made statements supporting MBS and Bannon told the Emirates leader to “take care of this.” At home in June 2017, MBS forced the crown prince to resign making himself crown prince, next in line to be king. In September 2017 MBS arrested clerics and others who had criticized him. While MBS was a reformer in some respects, that did not apply to the right to dissent. His reforms, allowing women to drive and allowing movie theaters, had political motivations. He wanted to curry favor with the young. 70% of the Saudi population was under thirty. He also saw such reforms important for the country’s image and necessary to secure foreign investment and tourism from which he would profit as well. MBS saw himself as the state.
  
  In October 2017, MBS hosted “Davos in the Desert” to publicly announce his financial plans including the Vision 2030 Fund and NEOM. Blackstone’s Stephen Schwarzman was there as was Masayoshi Son, Tony Blair, Treasury Secretary Mnuchin, Uber CEO Travis Kalanick, Hollywood mogul Ari Emanuel and many other wealthy elites. The New York Times sponsored it and Andrew Ross Sorkin conducted interviews on stage. MBS wanted foreign investment in these plans but those attending were far more interested in Saudi investment in their plans and they usually won. Richard Branson secured a billion dollar commitment for Virgin Galactic and Emanual got $400 million for Endeavor, while Blackstone already had a $20 billion commitment for an investment fund.
  
  In November 2017 MBS conducted what the authors call a “Sheikhdown”. He arrested any powerful figure in the country he deemed a threat. He forced them to resign their positions and return money to the state (controlled by MBS) that he claimed they took illegally. They had no choice. MBS had his security team listening in on all communications in the country. He knew everything they had said and done. MBS filled the vacant positions with his men. Creating an international incident, MBS held the prime minister of Lebanon, Saad Hariri, hostage and made him resign. Hariri and his family had a long history of doing business with Saudi Arabia. MBS was upset about Hariri’s tolerant attitude towards Hezbollah, a powerful faction in Lebanon, and also resentful of Hariri and his father’s enriching themselves in their business dealings with a former Saudi king. Hariri had also deeply embarrassed Saudi Arabia years earlier disclosing at a time of low oil prices that it was unable to pay its foreign workers. For MBS it was political and personal, essentially the same thing to him. However, MBS was doing OK. That month MBS paid $450 million for Leonardo da Vinci's Salvator Mundi at a Christie’s auction, the most ever paid for a painting.
  
  In March and April 2018 MBS toured the U.S., U.K. and France. He met with business tycoons like Jeff Bezos, Bill Gates, Rupert Murdoch and Elon Musk as well as Trump. He was disappointed with Trump who he realized was entirely transactional, not a friend. Trump just wanted more money from Saudi Arabia. Business people were reluctant to invest in Saudi Arabia particularly with all the crackdowns MBS was conducting including his arrest of women protesting the lack of women’s rights. Women wanted more than just to be able to drive and go to the movies. MBS would not accept any criticism from them or anyone else. Next came the murder of Jamal Khashoggi. Khashoggi, a Saudi, lived in Washington DC working as a reporter for the Washington Post. He was very critical of MBS and MBS had been upset with him for years. When Khashoggi wanted to get married again, he needed to prove he was divorced. That meant getting records from Saudi Arabia. He was told to come home to Saudi Arabia. Instead, he went to the Saudi embassy in Turkey. The embassy told him they needed some time to get the records. In October 2018 Khashoggi entered the embassy while his fiancé waited outside. He didn’t return. MBS had sent a special security team there. They drugged Khashoggi then strangled him then dismembered him to haul away the parts. All of it was caught on audio tape by the Turks and it created a worldwide furor.
  
  Undeterred despite the fallout, MBS continued on with his plans. The Aramco IPO finally took place on the Saudi exchange in December 2019. While Aramco was valued at $1.7 trillion, the shares sold only raised 25 billion, mostly from local investors, some forced to invest. Meanwhile the $45 billion MBS had invested in the Softbank fund was doing poorly. The fund had suffered losses investing in companies like WeWork, Wag and Katerra. As MBS entered 2020, he continued on the same path, cracking down on critics by any means possible, seeking investment in Saudi Arabia and only getting hit up to invest abroad. And now he would have to face the pandemic. This is where the authors leave us.
• 
  Umaymah

  Solid 5 stars. Because of this book I'm reading
  1. Black Wave by Kim Ghattas
  2. MBS by Ben Hubbard
  3. The Killing in the Consulate by Jonathan Rugman, and
  4. Vision or Mirage by David Tindell
  
  I'm ecstatic.
• 
  Alireza

  این کتاب رو بعد از کتاب «محمد بن سلمان» خوندم.
  به نظرم این دو کتاب که توی یک سال منتشر شدن میتونن مکمل هم باشن
  خیلی از وقایع توی هر دوکتاب مشترک هستش ولی جزئیات بعضی‌ها توی این کتاب بهتر هستش و بعضی توی اون یکی
  مثلا اون کتاب در مورد خاشقچی، سعد حریری و محمد بن نایف کامل‌تر هستش ولی این کتاب روابط و تلاش‌های اقتصادی بن‌سلمان و نفوذ در توئیتر رو بهتر توضیح داده.
  در کل به نظرم برای آشنایی با عربستان جدید، خوندن این دوکتاب خیلی مفید میتونه باشه.
• 
  Murtaza

  Subscribe to my newsletter at: mazmhussain.substack.com
  
  Mohammed bin Salman, MBS, has become such a bête noire in the West that people have forgotten the uncomfortable fact that he remains genuinely popular among many of his own people. Part of this popularity can be attributed to a regime information control in Saudi Arabia, but a lot of his support is also genuine and even logical. Most Saudis are under the age of thirty, but they have been ruled by a hidebound genotocracy for decades that has embarrassed them while squandering much of their wealth. Unlike every other Saudi leader, MBS is also from this young generation. He shares many of the same frustrations as his young compatriots about the Saudi ruling class, and also holds similar views about the importance of technology and lifestyle liberalism. MBS arose from relatively anonymity inside the royal family and somehow smashed all the existing power structures to claim the crown prince role for himself. He’s done some good things with that power, including loosening social controls on women, reigning in the tyrannical religious police, and trying to attract foreign investment. He also famously rounded up a crowd of the richest, most corrupt Saudis and forced them to return their ill-gotten wealth at gunpoint while held captive in a hotel. How many ordinary people haven’t fantasized about a jubilee like that in their own country?
  
  When he first emerged, I also had hopes for MBS. There was some reason to believe that as a young person he might elevate the voices of the many other young, talented, and progressive Saudis around the world who have long wanted to see a real change in their country. After a few years in power, however, it is clear that MBS is a much darker figure than most had anticipated. If I were to identify his root problem, it would be his staggering hubris which probably crosses the line into full megalomania. MBS truly believes that money can buy anything, including global affection, a modern economy, and even real-life science fiction cities. You probably don’t need to know at this point that he’s thin-skinned – his decision to murder a Washington Post columnist and Saudi gadfly has already made him famous on that score. Unconscionable schemes like NEOM and The Line, from which the global consulting industry has been happy to capitalize, have further revealed how vulnerable he is to any slick Westerner stroking his ego. MBS has some sort of positive idea of wanting his country to be modern, but he’s not interested in doing the humble, boring, intergenerational work of building institutions. Instead he has decided to try and buy shortcuts to modernity, allowing every vulture in the world to descend on the the financial patrimony of the Saudi people.
  
  The world of oil is coming to an end this century, which is something that MBS does seem to understand. To survive, his country needs to transition from being run by a clan of scheming half-brothers gorging themselves on sales of a single finite energy resource into an impersonal, administrative state that entrusts the Saudi people themselves with developing their country. Saudi Arabia doesn’t have to be democratic to be stable or prosperous. But it does need independent governing, economic, and security institutions that even authoritarian-capitalist countries like Singapore and China possess. These institutions should have the continuity and independent culture necessary to maintain and refine their expertise regardless of who is in power. States with far less money, like Turkey and Iran, are able to punch above their weight in conflicts with the Saudis because they are run far more impersonally rather than being simply family property. MBS has certainly shaken up the al-Saud half-brothers system of governance by imprisoning and bullying his other family members. But he has not built an impersonal state: He’s simply replaced himself as the top dog in the family to whom all must answer. This is a recipe not for stable modern governance but for a regime that lasts only as long as one man, similar to what the Qaddafis and Assads of the world have built elsewhere in the Arab world.
  
  In one passage of this book it’s mentioned that MBS has mused to others about potentially extending his lifespan for hundreds of years, using longevity technologies popular in Silicon Valley. I once had occasion to read thousands of hacked emails from Saif Qaddafi and noticed he was also interested in these therapies. While I doubt that MBS is going to be ruling his country in the year 2245, he is still a young man and is almost certainly going to be around in a few decades, barring a horrible coup by some Khomeini-like figure. As such, MBS may be one of the most consequential leaders in Saudi history. Like I said earlier too, like it or not, he’s also genuinely popular with a lot of his people, particularly the young. Leaders who stay in power a long time don’t tend to become more humble or self-critical, but we are going to have to hope that somehow MBS proves to be an exception. He’s not going anywhere, and, for the good of his own people, as well as the world, we can only hope that he learns something from his mistakes.
• 
  Thomas Wright

  A pacy read that unpacks the unlikely story of one of the world’s most enigmatic and ruthless leaders, who remains close to Kushner and others in the US administration. It’s also a lively primer on the history of Saudi Arabia and the wider Gulf region. Highly recommended.
• 
  Rohit Enghakat

  The cover of the book was superb and enticing enough to buy it. It chronicles the rise of Mohammed bin Salman, the crown prince of Saudi Arabia. From a relative non-entity to being the de facto ruler of the Kindom of Saudi Arabia, the book narrates the rise to power of MBS in a country ruled by Al Saud family. This is however, not a biography. It delves minutely into the power struggles of the royal family without going into the history of Saudi Arabia.
  
  MBS came into the limelight after a drive to root out corruption by imprisoning most of the princes and their close coterie at the Ritz Carlton and releasing them after months of house arrest in exchange for money or properties earned by them over the years through corruption and questionable deals. He has tried to project himself as a prince with moderate liberal views after introducing a slew of economic reforms, cutting the allowances and financial dole-outs given to princes as part of their share in oil revenues earned by the kingdom. Saudi Arabia's cash cow is its oil reserves and the conglomerate Saudi Aramco owned by the king and his family. All the infrastructure in the country is developed by Saudi Aramco. This was a stunning piece of information. Imagine an entire country being run on Saudi Aramco's revenues including financing the students' education abroad! He is also known for giving women the right to drive which was seen as immoral earlier. He has also been instrumental in opening up the entertainment sector and phasing out some of the strict religious laws deemed as a violation of human rights. This was to project Saudi Arabia as a modern country with moderate Islamic rules to attract investment into the country in the form of investments and to reverse the flow of money into Saudi Arabia. His foresight is commendable as he wants to open up other avenues for generating income and not to rely only on the oil economy.
  
  However, his track record as a person who is intolerant to criticism and dissidence came to light in the aftermath of the killing of Jamal Khashoggi, a journalist who was a former supporter of the royal and later became its staunch critic voicing his opinion against monarchy on global platforms. The intrigue and the plot to kill Jamal is vividly described in chilling detail. This event has overshadowed whatever positive outreach was done by the prince.
  
  The authors have done detailed research into the lives of the obnoxiously rich royals without going too much into their personal lives. MBS' family is barely mentioned in the book. They have limited the narrative strictly on the growth trajectory of MBS. This makes for a wonderful read. The book is almost flawless and provides a nearly balanced view of MBS.
• 
  Rachel Zhou

  From the authors of Billion Dollar Whale comes another riveting account of the meteoritic rise of one of the world’s youngest and most powerful leaders.
  
  There are two points I admire the most about this book. First is the details. Much of what was described here were tiny, subtle, yet undeniably important details that fill in missing pieces of public news stories that everyone thought they knew already. But once exposed here, it invokes an AHA! moment that fills in the gaps on the how, and even more crucially, the why.
  
  Second is the objectivity. Unfortunately most mainstream news outlets these days lean one way or another on the political spectrum and hardly stray even one step from their own agendas. Fox, CNN, and The Washington Post come to mind. The moral lecturing and intellectual snobbery are apparent, and frankly, tiring with these media outlets. But this book has none of that. It presents facts and doesn’t dwell on personal emotions or opinions. It presents both the achievements and shortcomings of its subject, with a reminder to the audience that MBS is someone here to stay, and there is much more to come on his story in the following decades.
• 
  Agnė

  3.5
• 
  Tomas Bella

  Napínavé ako detektívka, vraždy, peniaze, intrigy, len všetko je to skutočný príbeh chlapíka, ktorého poznáte z TV ako človeka, ktorý nechal rozštvrtiť tureckého novinára na saudskej ambasáde, ale v jeho živote je v skutočnosti oveľa viac fascinujúcich inšpiratívnych príbehov!
  Dávno som už nečítal takú knihu, kde som po 300 stranách vedel o toľko viac o svete, nevadí, ak pred prvou kapitolou ani neviete ukázať Rijád na mape, je to čítavé a celé fascinujúce.
• 
  J.M. Hushour

  Bin Salman (referred to MBS in the intellignence and diplomatic community) is one of the many grandsons of Ibn Saud, founder of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. MBS's pops, Salman, is currently king. MBS, through a series of convoluted maneuverings that could at the very flightiest be called "Machiavellian", is currently crown prince, stepping over many other second and third tier members of the royal family to become heir to the throne.
  MBS is one of those guys who is a bit of a conundrum, to put it lightly. In his 30s, McDonald's aficionado and self proclaimed video game nut, MBS is well placed to perhaps finally jerk Saudi Arabia into the 21st century. He is a smart, savvy dude, with the kind of meticulous planning and attention to detail that leads people into graph addictions and an unhealthy amount of "progress indicator ratios" or some other such management-speak bullshit. His grandiose visions for Saudi Arabia include letting women drive, robots, opening up the country's outstanding and endlessly fascinating archaeological sites, flying cars, and moving away from the Kingdom's long-standing fundamentalist, highly conservative religious strictures.
  He kind of reminds me of the Kingpin from Daredevil. You kind of feel for the guy, but then he crushes a poor fucker's head in the door of his Jeep Cherokee repeatedly. His aspirations and ideas are certainly admirable, but then journalists get sawed into pieces on his watch. There's plenty of nefarious shit going down in this work. The authors deal with it distantly and trimly. Is MBS responsible for all the heinous stuff they're describing? Or is it simply symptomatic of state-running in a state that has no democracy, but a bunch of filthy rich indolent royals who have yachts full of Russian strippers and are worth more than a small country. MBS doesn't like that either, but his methods are what is questionable.
  Beyond that, this is a great look at modern Saudi Arabia, and the Middle East writ large over the last few years, commendable on those merits alone, but MBS is a fascinating dude, despite what are apparently some egregious flaws.
• 
  Emiliya Bozhilova

  ”We Saudis deserve better.”
  Jamal Khashoggi, 2017
  
  Странно изказване за саудитец, мъж, с отлична журналистическа кариера по цял свят, често пъти в полза на родната му Саудитска Арабия, самият той - издънка на едно от видните саудитски семейства, положило основите на благополучието си при управлението на основателя Ибн Сауд. Странно изказване за държава, къпеща се в петродолари, изпращаща свои младежи за безплатно образование в чужбина, земята на единствената Мека, в чиято посока голяма част от света се моли по пет пъти на ден. Но и държавата, в която жените започнаха на шофират чак през 2017 г., земята на уахабизма, неразривно преплетен в управлението на тези земи от възникването си през 18-ти век, насочващ правоверните да живеят така, както уахабитите си въобразяват че е било правилно по времето на Пророка през 7-ми век, само с малко електронни джаджи за гарнитура (но, виж, музеите се считат за идолопоклонничество).
  
  Саудитска Арабия е абсолютна монархия от средновековен тип и е страна, която лесно създава автократи като сегашния престолонаследник Мохамед бин Салман, който е реалният владетел и ще бъде първия владетел “трето поколение”. От 1953 г. саудитските крале са все синовете на многодетния Ибн Сауд, един от които е и крал Салман, бащата на Мохамед. Детайлното и увлекателно журналистическо разследване хвърля доста светлина върху целия регион и неговите противоречия.
  
  Твърде много пари. Но Мохамед е достатъчно умен, за да знае, че петролът не е неизчерпаем ресурс, а приходите от поклонничеството в Мек�� често са по-малко от разходите, и тези пари трябва да са буферът за изграждане на едно по-различно бъдеще. В резултат той инвестира в компании като Тесла и Uber, прокарва Визия 2030, където в Саудитска Арабия ще има напълно автономни градове на бъдещето с летящи автомобили, както предвижда сякаш излезлият от научна фантастика проект NEOM. Отваря (макар и в строго ограничени рамки) страната за туристически посещения. Най-сетне отменя забраната за жените да шофират. Въвежда данъци (за първи път от основаването на държавата). Налага показатели за спазване (KPI) на Министврството на икономиката и други служби - нещо нечувано, защото в Саудитска Арабия просто не се прави така. Там институции и без това няма, има само по-близки и далечни връзки с кралския двор, и едни услуги и пари, така стават нещата.
  
  И същевременно всеки, самостоятелно изискал и надигнал глас същите тези неща да се случат, попада в затвора или е убит и разфасован като жертвено животно в саудитското посолство в Истанбул - като журналиста Джамал Кашоги - по заповед на същия този работохолик с 16 часов работен ден, Мохамед бин Салман. Или изчезва някъде, без значение от обществено положение, както мнозина негови роднини и кандидати за престола. Или - след престой в службите - кротко подписва прехвърляне на активи за милиарди на държавата. Така Мохамед бори корупцията (и събира някой и друг долар за черни дни), и под ударите попадат далеч не невинни саудитски гиганти като строителната Бинладин Груп (на семейството на Осама Бен Ладен) или Огер на ливанската фамилия Харири, дала двама премиери на Ливан (и прокарала там съответното саудитско влияние). Ливанският премиер Саид Харири дори - по финансови и политически съображения - е държан за заложник в Риад, принуден да подаде оставка в ефир и спасен единствено от усилията на френския президент Еманюел Макрон.
  
  Книгата на двамата автори - разследващи журналисти е актуално, образователно и умело поднасяне на куп факти и анализи от кухнята на Персийския Залив (който арабите възмутено наричат Арабски), с петролните пипала, плъзнали по цял свят (включително за разпространение на уахабизма) и преплетени с куп други пипала (като тези на САЩ и Турция, та дори и Китай, както и с тези на на Джеф Безос, Илон Мъск, или на фирми, ковящи световната политика като McKinsey, BCG, Blackwater, Blackstone). Светът, какъвто е в някои свои части, и какъвто никога, никога не трябва да допускаме да стане и наш. Защото прилики с родината ни - най-вече институционални - уви, има.
• 
  Asma

  بختصار الكتاب ليس لمن يعرف ما يحدث في السعوديه .. بمعني لو كنت سعودي او تقرأ و تعرف اخبارها من الصحف العالميه و الاخبار ف النت بذلك تكون عارف محتوي الكتاب.
  هو موجه للقارئ الغربي الذي لا يعرف شيْ عن محمد بن سلمان ولا السعودية
  
  و عليه رأي في الكتاب بانه سطحي تماما. كل ما فعله الكاتب هو جمع الاخبار المتداوله في الصحف و سردها في الكتاب بدون اي مجهود للبحث او التحليل او اي معلومه جديده قدمها لي
  
  معلومات كثيره مكرره في كتب صدرت قبل عن محمد بن سلمان , ما فائده التكرار لا اعلم.
• 
  Muna G.

  Purchasing this book, I was hesitant. Maybe both due to my patriotism towards the kingdom and my admiration for MBS. But because of those exact reasons I chose to read it and see what Mr.Hope had to say. Having been born and raised in Saudi, an absolute monarchy, with citizens devoted to their religion and their rulers, some of the stories dont come off as shocking. Our norms here don’t really see cutting off a prince as a shock, in fact, we support any executive actions taken towards improving the country, as any citizen should for their homeland.
  
  That being said, I found the overall tone of the book flattering more than anything. It portrayed our crown prince as the leader our country desperately needs to catch up with the rest of the world. Becoming such a persistent authoritative figure in bettering the conditions in Saudi from all aspects at such a young age is nothing but a compliment!
  Please excuse me to address some issues mentioned in the book that I have enough knowledge about to counterclaim;
  
  1. “Under Saudi law, if a wife tries to run away from her husband—even if because of domestic abuse—he can call the police and have her arrested for disrespecting him.” As an almost law graduate myself, I assure you that nothing in Sharia Law (Saudi law) states such notion. Sharia law if you don’t know consist of Quran rulings and the teachings of prophet mohammad, to quote him “How does one of you beat his wife as he beats the stallion camel and then embrace her?” And to quote the words of the holy book “Live with them in kindness.” Surat An-Nisa 4:19
  
  2. “These were cruel consequences for a young woman simply asking for rights widely championed around the world.” Yes Lujain may have risen in a time where all she advocated for was more liberty in a conservative state. However, you fail to mention the fact that her latest arrest was due to her acts of treason against her nation by conspiring with the Qatari government. You can look up the 8,000,000,000 QR wired to her account, I’m sure your “investigative” skills will aid you to find it easily.
  
  3. “group of technical officers flew to Istanbul to sweep the consulate for bugs and recording devices they suspected the Turkish government had planted; they found none, or rather, they missed all of them.” Your repetition over and over about how the Turkish government had wiretaps in a sovereign Saudi embassy yet failing to highlight the illegality of such actions comes off to any reader as completely biased. It is internationally agreed upon that such invasion of sovereignty is absolutely unacceptable and susceptible to international sanctions. Yet you choose to continue perplexity towards the Saudi government only.
  
  In conclusion, I found the book a page turner and very entertaining (but that’s probably because I have this bad indulgence for gossip :p) but I wouldn’t recommend this to anyone who isn’t familiar to Saudi politics and norms.
• 
  Eman

  Wow
• 
  Khan

  From the moment I picked up this book, I could not put it down. It was glued to my hands, wherever I would go, I would look down and realize that I was holding it. It reads like a thriller, with an intense pace which encapsulates the atmosphere of the royals of the Saudi family. Filled with intense rivalries, Machiavellian schemes of families jostling for power, jealousies, greed and a level of entitlement which is unfathomable to comprehend. The book reads like a Game of Thrones series. Instead of dragons theres oil and oil in todays world is just as powerful. I would be highly surprised if the current version of the Saudi family is not turned into a series one day because it has everything. Corruption, greed, sex, world leaders from across the globe, CEO's of fortune 500 companies, celebrities you name it, it's all here.
  
  I am always interested in stories where humans have access to vast amounts of resources, power and social status because it is very likely to devour them. Especially when the wealth is given and not tied to any type of work or discipline to obtain a fortune of the magnitude of the Saudi family. This is one of the reasons we see athletes turn 18 go from no money to millionaires only to go back to no money in their 30's. It takes intense caution, preparation and a philosophy of life to deal with all the temptations that come with 7-9 figure wealth. From friends, to family members to sexual opportunities. Be careful what you wish for when you ask for money and fame or when all you do is chase money and fame. It very likely will be your undoing.
  
  At the end of the book, I will explain a theory I have been working on. In any winner takes all system where vast amounts of money can be won to a singular entity. The system will select for high functioning sociopaths, some psychopaths but it far more difficult to hide being a psychopath and even more difficult to control.
  
  The book revolves around Mohammed Bin Salman we will call him MBS or mister bone saw. It gives minor details around MBS because there isn't much to report mainly because no one talks about his life for obvious reasons. To understand MBS, you have to understand the Saudi royals. The Saudi Monarchy is made of kings who rotate power, their lineage is relatively new only about 80 years maybe a little more. Each king has brothers and each brother has kids that range from 5-20 with multiple wives. It is custom to get another wife while you're still married so the royal family exploded in terms of princes and heirs in lines of succession. There are thousands of them all hungry to extract as much money as they can from whatever position they're in. You have family members who run every facet of government, who look for kickbacks, selling things back to the government in lucrative contracts for prices that range from 20-80% more than what they actually paid for. You have global businesses looking to make deals where Saudi royals exchange contracts for kickbacks. The result becomes an ocean of blatant corruption, where family members are openly living in palaces, driving super cars through the streets and some of them flying across the world on private jets with an entourage of 15-20, with prostitutes (theres a reason why you see a lot of instagram models in Dubai), spending lavishly in the finest establishments and creating an image of the royal family as rich hedonistic idiots that will spend absurd levels of money with no regard for political imagery.
  
  It was custom for Royals to leave Saudi Arabia and get their education in western societies, coming back with a taste for western luxuries and western life. MBS was different, he stayed in Saudi Arabia, preferring to learn more about the royal courts and his home country. He felt as if the royal family were to blatant with their brandishing of luxury items and corruption. Even though he would engage in corruption that would never compare but in his eyes he is in direct line to the throne not some prince who is far from reach, so corruption in his eyes was acceptable for the direct line not the thousands of princes and family members who thought they were entitled to the billions of oil and riches. In his eyes, these family members hurt Saudi Arabia because they gave nothing back in terms of innovation and growth to the country itself. MBS as a teenager would read many books from American business men, he started a number of businesses in Saudi Arabia, he had a vision to modernize the country and let go of its religious intolerance. Even though most of the business he started as a young man went really nowhere, you could see something different about him compared to the other family members. He had a vision but that vision did not include political rights.
  
  The Saudi Monarchy was one of the most complacent structures you will see, they were terrified of change mainly because it's a monarchy and any moves that could rile the populace horrified them. To put it in perspective, they banned slavery in 1962. This is why the Saudi family pays for utilities, education and healthcare for their population because they know if they don't, the people will likely rebel and cut them into pieces. So you have an interesting dynamic where every leader is terrified of making any change to a structure that desperately needs change to move forward and invest their profits from oil back into the country or the country will stagnate into nothingness. MBS who was never in line for succession, understood that everything needed to change, he wanted to bring in western businesses, he wanted to modernize Saudi Arabia but to modernize is a tricky proposition. He wants the benefits of a fledging economy and society without granting the political rights that come with the modernization. We will get to this later on.
  
  MBS is a workaholic, annoyed with the current affairs, he with the permission of his father before he passed was granted freedom to do as he pleased. He would later take that permission and create a security apparatus that would surveil the entire state and the royal family. MBS, wanted to create metrics where he could see where investments worked and did not work, the Saudi family made decisions based on gut up until him but he wanted a more rigorous approach. He developed a plan called the "Vision fund" where he would invest in companies across the globe who also invested back into Saudi Arabia. Companies did not want to invest in SA because of its treatment of women, lack of rights and many other factors. They just wanted his investments. He would agree to invest 45 billion in Soft banks investment fund, dolling out billions more to a wide range of companies from across the globe. CEO's from across the globe would venture to SA to get as much money as possible, to put it in perspective in the business world. If you take a picture with MBS, it is akin to winning a nobel prize, you will automatically receive calls from across the world asking for access to the prince. Not just CEO's of fortune 500 companies like JP. Morgan etc, HollyWood executives would come in droves, celebrities, everyone wanted a piece of the pie. These are the same celebrities and executives who talk about "democracy" and the "greater good", the same politicians, the same singers, actors etc who will talk down to the populace about the "importance of democracy" be very quick to sit on the lap of a Saudi Sheik and throw all of that "democracy" out of the window if it stands in the away of a nice fee or rubbing shoulders with power.
  
  MBS might be the only person in the world to throw billions around in a moments notice, making him sought after by every investor. MBS wants to sell 5% of Saudi Aramco which is the nations oil conglomerate, he wants to sell 5% of it 2 trillion on the stock exchange, this is part of his play. The tricky thing is, being on the stock exchange, opens you up to accounting questions and a company like Saudi Aramco which is used as an ATM by the royal family would not be open to those types of questions never mind it opens them up to liabilities. However, a roadblock stands in the way. In the US, a court agreed to move forward to allow victims of 9/11 to sue SA which threatens the deal and opens up the country to massive amounts of liability. It's interesting this court ruling, it's as if the judge is unaware of American military history and its current operations. Opening this law suit opens the door for other civilians across the globe to sue America for drone strikes that kill innocent people, the Iraq war which has never recovered from the invasion in 2003 almost 20 years later, it's still in shambles. Afghanistan, Syria, Libya, Sudan. All war torn and destroyed, you get the point.
  
  Given all of these moves, MBS needs to peel back the extremism in SA, while agreeing to allow women to drive, he is locking women activists up for simply protesting unjust laws. This is the theme of MBS, change comes from top down not bottom up. You're not allowed to dissent publicly against the family under any condition. A royal who was spending time across the globe felt he was entitled to more money for him and his entourage. So he began publicly dissenting against the family, as a result they stopped the 2 million monthly payments to him. He started getting more aggressive talking in western papers, hurting the already poor image of the kingdom. So something interesting happened, the money flew back into this account, they also sent him a private plane for his next vacation to Egypt. Friends warned him, "This doesn't make sense, don't get on that plane", he ignores their concerns, he gets on the plane and the plane doesn't land in Egypt. It lands in SA where he is never seen again. No dissent, not even royals are safe. Never publicly dissent. The monarchy is a very fragile institution and everyone inside knows it. You get this hyper aggressive response to every threat.
  
  This brings us to Jamal Khashoggi who has deep ties to the royals but wide influence in the middle east between his writings and twitter followers. He begins to dissent publicly, they ban him from the country and then try to get him to come back. JS, realizes that if he goes back, he will never be seen again. He begins to partner with the 9/11 families and give them advice as a council while doing speeches on the kingdom that are not favorable to the kingdom at a time where MBS needs global investment. Thus they decided to cut him into pieces when JS walks into an embassy in Turkey. The Saudi assassins were so incompetent to not even catch the recording devices in the consulate, as a result all 7 hours of JS being cut into pieces were recorded, while they publicly were saying "Oh we have no idea what happened to him?" not knowing that audio existed of them cutting up a journalist in another country.
  
  The fallout was global, never mind SA is continuing a genocide on Yemen using US weapons to do it, the whole world was apparently okay with that outside of a few outspoken us representatives ironically on the right and left. MBS seemed to not understand why it was not okay to cut a journalist into pieces who dissented against the kingdom. Privately telling his close confidents "The U.S drops bombs on countries but everyone cares about one person?" I am paraphrasing, but he is technically not wrong, the Iraq invasion cost 225,000 innocent civilian lives not to mention over 4,000 American soldiers for pretty much nothing. MBS comes off as naive not understanding that American media rarely reports on U.S war crimes if at all, remember defense contractors pay a premium to advertise on these shows for a reason not to mention executives and network heads are very close with intelligence agencies. Don't believe me, go look at the attendances of donor events, gala's etc. You will see the names at these events.
  
  Whats interesting is after this happened, some American businesses decided to return investments for fear of public scrutiny despite the genocide in Yemen being okay with them. Take another step back and the whole world was upset about JS being cut into pieces, world leaders including Biden speaking out against the killing. Which is ironic because the "Democracy dies in Darkness" crew said nothing about Julian Assange being locked up for reporting on the war crimes of U.S elites. All the media that fanned outrage about JS being killed said nothing over Assange being persecuted by both Trump and Biden. It turns out you don't really care about democracy when you're turning a blind eye to a journalist being imprisoned when your team is doing it. Let's move on, basically you know what happens next right? Oil washes away all sins, all blood and all morality.
  
  Over time investors came back to MBS when the coast was clear, Kushner getting 2 billion in funds from SA after he served them well, secretary of treasure Steve Mnuchin gets billions for his investment fund. Favors were given, debts were paid, the classic Washington way. Whats interesting about the Trump-MBS relationship was from the start MBS knew he could get what he wanted from republicans as long as they didn't support the Iran deal. This is why the Saudis hated Obama for signing the Iran deal and were very elated to see Trump take it off the table. Full disclosure, I am Iranian so I don't want to come off biased but from my perspective anyone who has the power of oil markets has the leverage. Saudi has the leverage without a doubt, the proxy war going on between some of the Gulph states over different ideologies competing for religious market dominance hurts the poorest of the poor the most. Never the sycophants in power.
  
  Now to the final act, MBS pulls off something truly remarkable in the royal courts, he manages to capture virtually all royal members, stuff them into a hotel. On corruption charges, order them to pay billions back to the government, strips their economic positions from within and destroys their reputation in the process all while no hiccups in the entire operation. That is a sign this person is very calculated, to hide this coup from all parities where gossip and secrets are traded with the ease of breathing oxygen is scary. These are some of the most wealthiest people on the planet being held capture by the young prince not to mention humiliated. He secures power and now he has full control over the entire kingdom and its direction. What will happen next? It's hard to tell but 11 of the last 13 recessions all have came after energy prices rose. Oil is still king on this planet. The Saudi government company just reported a jaw dropping 48 billion in a single quarter. No doubt this money will continue to put them in power circles across the globe for decades to come.
  
  
  After reading this book and many others I have come to the conclusion that any system where money can be shared at disproportionate rates where some individuals can buy islands and others can barely buy gum, it leads to a win or take all system. Where money leads to higher security, not just in terms of of healthcare but globally. Being welcomed in any circle, MBS has dined with princes and queens from England to business titans everywhere to Hollywood celebs. When money can give you higher resources which leads to higher social status which leads to higher sexual opportunities money or oil in this case washes away all sins. It is not morality that is valued but how many 0's are next to your name. Thus the system selects for Sociopaths who can function at a high level and have little regard for others or how actions can hurt the poorest of the poor. They're another chess piece in your game
• 
  Amy

  *** 4 Stars ***
  
  After recently living in the Middle East for a year I was very excited to read this and it did not disappoint.
  This provided an understanding Mohammed bin Salman and his rise to power along with interesting insight to the US relationship with Saudi Arabia.
  A lot of discussions regarding the assassination of journalist Jamal Khashoggi and the infamous sheikhdown at the Ritz-Carlton in Riyadh.
  Excellent story telling with attention to detail, I highly recommend.
  
  
  Special Thanks to NetGalley and Hachette Books for allowing me an ARC in exchange for an honest review.
• 
  Matin Pyron

  افشاگری ترور شیخ نمر و آقای خاشقچی جالب بود.‌
  کتاب باحالیه
• 
  Vivek

  Hooter: An Investigative Journalists' POV into the rise of MBS and his vision for Saudi Arabia
  
  Piecing together through candid interviews, researching through documents - these two journalists have pieced together a fast paced thrilling behind the scenes look of the rise of MBS as he navigates the political web of Saudi Arabia and the interlinked geo political world to achieve his vision for himself and his nation. Building up from a background of the political ecosystem that he landed up in and how major pieces around the world play in for him or against him, you get a sense that politcal dramas like Game of Thrones often don't have to go too far from reality to garner inspiration. The petrodollars, religious sentiments across the spectrum, the new restless demographics, the urge to create a legacy - the authors try to cover a lot of aspects that made it to the public domain - Khashoggi, the Ritz Jail, Davos in the desert, NEOM, Trump's visit, Qatar blockade and numerous other interlinked events in the region and what was at stake behind the scenes. The interviews I think help build a softer aspect of the personality that MBS is against the cold hard dry facts of the events and the actions that were taken making for an intriguing political thriller whose story has just begun - as we know his legacy is probably yet to be written.
  
  There hasn't been much literature I have accessed about the Middle Eastern political ecosystem and I feel this has been a good read to get a sense of it specifically from MBS point of view and Saudi's Vision 2030.
• 
  Walt

  Key insigths of the book:
  
  Mohammad bin Salman (MBS) has ruthlessly consolidated power to himself through the last five to ten years. He has a clear vision of transforming the country to an international and modern tech hub before the year 2030. As he embarks on this journey, oil revenues are channeled on new infrastructure and technology projects (e.g. tech city Neom). What remains to be seen is whether money comes over moral and ethics with the international community.
  
  Overall, the book was thoroughly researched and well-written. Can recommend this one to those who would like to learn more about arabic history and culture. Moreover, the book does a good job at describing the power dynamics prevelant at the Persin Gulf.
• 
  Eugene

  When money meets power, bad things happen. After watching "The Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia" on PBS Frontline, I thought I had seen and knew enough about MBS. I thought wrong. This book is based on accounts of people who know MBS or who has faced his wrath. It has chilling and terrifying stories of the man who sees himself as the saviour of Saudi Arabia. Each chapter has a more shocking and disturbing tale. The ruthless crown prince cannot be stopped. Given how closely guarded the Royal Court is, the authors did a good job putting this together.
• 
  Miroslav Hudak

  Not often, there is a book, that has NO positive figures. This is one of those books.
  Spoiled, corrupt, entitled... and above all of them, the star of the show, Mr. BoneSaw, ruthless "visionary," with cohorts of greedy financial institutions and investors, tailing him to get a bite of Saudi wealth. Actually, pretty sad.
  What a ride this book was. Interesting, nicely written.
  I was listening to it on Audible and it was a treat as well.
• 
  Chuck A

  Not a bad book. I didn’t know anything about MBS prior to this and he’s a shady guy. This is a rare non-bias (from what i gathered) account on the guys’ life written in 2020. Give it a shot.
• 
  anchi ✨

  即使書裡的人物有點複雜，但內容讓我忍不住一直讀下去，其實我早在2018年就接觸到沙烏地的2030願景，再加上近年非常有野心的大型規劃，包括新未來城與紅海計畫，讓我對這個國家很感興趣
  
  看完這本書後只能說，我過去對於這個國家的認識大概停留在上個世紀吧，雖然書裡的內容停在疫情初期，但還是讓我學到很多，書裡提及的議題相當廣泛，除了MBS的崛起外，還包括親王對於科技投資的熱��、管理顧問公司與投資公司在沙烏地瘋狂淘金、還有親王們奢靡的生活
  
  整體來說，這本書給想了解沙烏地局勢的讀者一個很好的開端，完全沒有閱讀門檻，加上作者們的精彩描述，值得一讀
• 
  Denise

  From seemingly out of nowhere, the man known as MBS rose to become a powerful global player in a few short years - or at least that's how it looked from the outside. The authors do an excellent job providing background and context, tracing his earlier years and the many internal squabbles and power plays within the Saudi royal family through which he manoeuvred himself into his current position one step from the throne before tracking his rise to international recognition. By casting himself as a reformer and visionary, he garnered praise and wooed investors across the globe, but the honeymoon phase has been well and truly over since at the very latest the brutal, dangerously miscalculated and badly bungled murder of dissident journalist Jamal Khashoggi in October 2018 if not before. The prince has proven that in pursuit of his goals and the power he covets, he can be not only ambitious and audacious, but brutally ruthless, wielding his power with a heavy hand and more than willing to spill blood in addition to shelling out sheer unfathomable sums of money to get what he wants. It shouldn't surprise anyone to hear that he once evinced an admiration for the most famous work of one Niccolò Machiavelli - he does rather seem to be using The Prince as his chief playbook. Perhaps someone should educate him on the particulars of the swift fall and ignominious end that followed the rise to power of Cesare Borgia, on whom Machiavelli's book was based.
• 
  Adam Znasik

  Ozaj pozoruhodná kniha o chlapovi, ktorý, ak nezasiahne vis maior, bude najbližších 50 rokov vládnuť najbohatšiemu ropnému štátu. Kniha sa dá čítať, aj keď o onom konci sveta neviete absolútne nič. Odbočky do histórie sú akurátne časté a akurátne dlhé, čo nebýva v tomto type kníh, poznačených americkou kultúrou "z jedného long readu minimálne 500 stranová kniha" zvykom.
  
  Je to príbeh Saudskej Arábie a korunného princa Mohameda bin Salmana, ktorý za 10 rokov prevzal moc v kráľovstve, zbavil sa komplet všetkých kritikov, dal pozatvárať pol kráľovskej rodiny za korupciu, vydupal si miesto na svetovej scéne, začal vojnu Jemene, nechal rozkrájať novinára (poznáte z TV), spustil IPO Saudi Aramca, kúpil podiel v každej americkej firme, na ktorú si spomeniete, je najväčší podielnik v najväčšom investičnom fonde v dejinách, vedie najväčší suverénny investičný fond v galaxii, povolil ženám šoférovať auto a stretávať sa s mužmi v kaviarni, rozhasil celý blízkovýchodný status quo a dohádal sa s takmer každým na svete, spôsobil zápornú cenu ropy na jar a teraz spustil výstavbu najväčšieho mesta na zelenej lúke od čias Romula a Rema. Keďže je to MBS, tak by sa mu to, na rozdiel od jeho predchodcov, aj mohlo podariť - to mesto sa volá NEOM a tiež znáte z TV.
• 
  Andrés Torres

  I was extremely pleased with this book. The amount of investigation done by Hope and Scheck is surreal. To be able to have such a detailed story on one of the most powerful and secretive man in the world is truly astonishing.
• 
  Heather

  Almost unbelievable- but proof that truth is stranger than fiction.
• 
  Megan

  Certainly an entertaining read, but more sensational than educational, imo. I understand that not everyone is a fan of the dry, academic style read when learning history or about governments and power in foreign nations. However, I feel there are some investigative journalists (for example, Joby Warrick, Bob Woodard...and Patrick O’Keefe really knocked it out of the park with last year’s “Empire of Pain”) that manage to execute a perfect blend of both, which is really what makes the difference between a 5 star rating and a 4 star rating, to me.
  
  Not that this wasn’t an excellent read. It was, and the authors certainly seemed to do their research. But I would say it’s likely primed more for someone who doesn’t have a ton of knowledge on the Middle East, or Saudi Arabia in general. Sorta like MBS 101. The stories that people who watch the news and are vaguely aware of, but the same people who don’t really pay constant attention to Middle Eastern politics (I kind of have to, given my academic major at my university concerns international relations in the Middle East, haha).
  
  I don’t live in Saudi Arabia and it’s been awhile since I’ve talked to a few Saudi friends I have (had? Hard to know now what people will come and go and come... and go, in your life) who are either from there, live there still, or visit often. But some of the “facts” seemed off. Like the law about men jailing their wives for disrespect because they ran away from domestic abuse... that doesn’t sound right to me, but I’ll have to check with my professor in this case to clarify.
  
  It’s hard to know how to feel about MBS, because on one hand, he has brought some great reforms to Saudis, and seems to recognize that the Old Guard is no longer in touch with Saudi Arabia’s 60% youth population (I believe that’s correct?), who have been longing for reforms in their home country, so that they don’t have to go to places like Bahrain, the UAE, or Qatar to live a lifestyle of modernity. Then again, some of his ideas are quite outlandish (the whole Vision 2030 project and his idea that people who live in this “futuristic city” - himself of course, as leader - will outlive the rest of the population, possibly by hundreds of years, and experience flying cars, winter snow in the summer... basically sounds like living in a Disneyland on crack).
  
  It’s hard to speak about the whole Khashoggi incident, because while it certainly would appear MBS either ordered the murder or didn’t exactly condemn it (I really can’t imagine anyone from the kingdom murdering someone so high profile without receiving MBS’s go-ahead first... and they used government planes, so...yeah). Lol. However, I also realize that the Western media doesn’t just sensationalise domestic politics, but at times has really screwed up bigtime when it comes to reporting on another country’s politics - particularly the Middle Eastern ones - as if the reporter’s opinions are synonymous with those of the population at large.
  
  Good, fast and fun read, but if you are already quite knowledgeable about MBS, you’ll doubtfully find much new in this book. I also wonder just how liberal the economy and his reforms can possibly become, if he’s insistent on silencing critics and not allowing citizens to have political rights. Kinda drives me crazy how medieval the Kingdom has been (at least in the past, I know some of this has changed) yet, the princes will leave Saudi Arabia and frolic around on their nearly billion dollar yachts with girls in bikinis (then go back home to Saudi Arabia and demand for the women to be covered in public). Can you say hypocritical?!
  
  MBS is still young though, with a lot to learn, and he does seem very eager to learn, which I see as a positive sign. He’s open to listening to experts and leaders from western countries explain how to introduce liberal reforms, and I can only hope he heeds this advice, learns from the mistakes he’s made thus far, and one day, truly becomes the King that Saudi Arabia has long been waiting for - and deserving of. If that’s a touch too optimistic... well, I’d rather hope for the best in situations like these that are far beyond our control.