The Grand Design by Stephen Hawking


The Grand Design
Title : The Grand Design
Author :
Rating :
ISBN : 0553805371
ISBN-10 : 9780553805376
Language : English
Format Type : Hardcover
Number of Pages : 199
Publication : First published September 7, 2010

THE FIRST MAJOR WORK IN NEARLY A DECADE BY ONE OF THE WORLD’S GREAT THINKERS—A MARVELOUSLY CONCISE BOOK WITH NEW ANSWERS TO THE ULTIMATE QUESTIONS OF LIFE

When and how did the universe begin? Why are we here? Why is there something rather than nothing? What is the nature of reality? Why are the laws of nature so finely tuned as to allow for the existence of beings like ourselves? And, finally, is the apparent “grand design” of our universe evidence of a benevolent creator who set things in motion—or does science offer another explanation?

The most fundamental questions about the origins of the universe and of life itself, once the province of philosophy, now occupy the territory where scientists, philosophers, and theologians meet—if only to disagree. In their new book, Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow present the most recent scientific thinking about the mysteries of the universe, in nontechnical language marked by both brilliance and simplicity.

In The Grand Design they explain that according to quantum theory, the cosmos does not have just a single existence or history, but rather that every possible history of the universe exists simultaneously. When applied to the universe as a whole, this idea calls into question the very notion of cause and effect. But the “top-down” approach to cosmology that Hawking and

Mlodinow describe would say that the fact that the past takes no definite form means that we create history by observing it, rather than that history creates us. The authors further explain that we ourselves are the product of quantum fluctuations in the very early universe, and show how quantum theory predicts the “multiverse”—the idea that ours is just one of many universes that appeared spontaneously out of nothing, each with different laws of nature.

Along the way Hawking and Mlodinow question the conventional concept of reality, posing a “model-dependent” theory of reality as the best we can hope to find. And they conclude with a riveting assessment of M-theory, an explanation of the laws governing us and our universe that is currently the only viable candidate for a complete “theory of everything.” If confirmed, they write, it will be the unified theory that Einstein was looking for, and the ultimate triumph of human reason.

A succinct, startling, and lavishly illustrated guide to discoveries that are altering our understanding and threatening some of our most cherished belief systems, The Grand Design is a book that will inform—and provoke—like no other.'


The Grand Design Reviews


  • Cindy

    It's a funny thing being a cosmologist in the greater Los Angeles area. Back when I was a partying single graduate student, I'd frequently hit the town for some fun. Inevitably I'd meet someone, strike up a conversation, and they might ask me what I did for a living.

    "Oh, I'm a cosmologist."
    "Cosmetologist? Cool, do you do make-up for movies?"
    "Um...not unless rouge is a component of dark matter." (ba-da-bum)
    "..."
    "I make detectors and use them to study the origins and geometry of our universe."
    "Uh. No way. You ever work in movies?"

    I discovered after a few years of this that it was much easier and simpler to tell people I was Mary Poppins at Disneyland. Without exception, folks believed me, made a joke and moved on. The physics thing just cause wrinkled faces, and very odd non-sequiturs. Once I had a guy tell me all about a distant cousin who studied shrimp in the Netherlands. Frequently I'd get the physicist = physician mix-up. Luckily no one ever showed me their rash. Oh well, such is the life of the lonely, misunderstood cosmologist.

    Why am I telling you about all my misadventures in life? Oh yeah, to let you know that my background is observational cosmology. (I.e. making devices, detectors, instruments and doing experiments in labs, in Antarctica and on space-born projects.) I'm not a theorist, and most definitely not into string theory/membrane theory/M-theory. That stuff isn't even touched upon in most graduate programs. It's esoteric, wicked complicated, and honestly still in a very nascent stage.

    So, I'm not qualified to comment on M-theory being THE answer to The Grand Design as Hawking and Mlodinow so insistently propose. The question then becomes did they sell me on the idea. I dunno... maybe? It was all so very glossed over, overwhelmed by all the history and background needed to give the reader an appropriate framework. Then when they finally game to the climax of the story, where all the previous information should coalesce, M-theory barely got much of an explanation or treatment at all.

    I got the impression they wanted to push this Grand Idea, a wrap-up of all previous ideas, made with sweeping statements and generalizations to get press. Plus, if it turns out to work and be right, they can point to this very thin book and say "A-ha!" That's why I removed a star.

    Now, if you are looking to learn more about the science of the universe this is just the book for you. They do an excellent job explaining aspects of special relativity, general relativity, particle physics, early-universe physics, even my favorite field, the CMB. (Which maddeningly they call the CMBR, a very outdated term, and refer to the fluctuations as being in the microwave regime, even though they are sub-millimeter radiation! Grrr!) They even throw in a ton of historical context, which helps the reader understand the difficulties of the field and the constantly evolving nature of science.

    The science is great, you will learn a ton. Really. The writing is clear in that no-nonsense style Hawking is so famous for. Unfortunately in a few areas the explanations get really muddled to the point of incomprehensibility, and I suspect that might be Mlodinow's doing, since those muddled spots fall in his particular area of expertise. One would expect a research scientist in the field (even if she's a lowly experimentalist) should be able to breeze through all their scientific lessons. I found the string theory section to be really tough-going, with pretty poorly thought out examples. But it is a very esoteric field, and maybe there just aren't easy ways to help lay-folks visualize the 11-dimensional space and the vibrating membranes?

    Speaking of clear teaching examples, the book is filled with ways to help the reader visualize some very hard concepts. Gravity affects space-time like having a rubber sheet for your pool table, then pulling down on one spot right in the middle. The balls will curve around the area in much the same way that objects do near-ish black holes. The "strings" in string theory are described to be like a straw, with a surface space, but curled up on itself. However, from very far away a straw looks like a 2-dimensional line.

    And yet a few of their examples obviously fall short, which I suppose all stand-ins for the real thing will eventually do. The one that really stood out like a a sore thumb was the balloon-as-expanding-universe. Their illustration looks like someone could take a marker and draw little galaxies on a balloon. Then as the balloon is filled with more air and expands, all galaxies will move away from each other independently. The first trouble is that the galaxies, if drawn on, would expand themselves, which doesn't actually happen. (The mass and hence gravity of galaxies is a stronger force than the expansion of the universe.) In the text, it's made clear that the galaxies have to be treated as points on the balloon, but the graphic is a bit misleading. Secondly, the obvious question to the balloon is: Okay, the balloon expands into our 3-dimensional space, so what is the universe expanding into? They certainly touch on the answer later, but never refer back to our balloon. What a shame.

    At any rate, here's my advice: Believe their grand M-theory answer or don't, I don't think it matters as long as you have learned a few things about our scientific understanding of the universe along the way.

    Since I made fun of "The Industry" suitors I encountered around Los Angeles, I should relate a tale of the foolish physicists. Create a supersymmetry of courtship mishaps or something. I was at a party on campus, which was completely populated by science grad students, and maybe a few random stray people. I met a guy, he seemed nice enough, so we chatted about motorcycles for a while. He asked me what I studied, so I very jokingly told him I was a Theoretical Cosmetologist, and a student at the neighboring university (which has many, many more women). Ridiculous, right? The guy fell for it hook, line and sinker, and wanted to know more details of this theoretical cosmetology. So I told him all about color theory, combining it with an understanding of personality traits, and the effect of shadowing on first-impressions. Meanwhile, my co-workers stood behind him, trying to hold in their laughter. It was mean, but he believed me!

    If you ever meet me in person, only believe about 63% of what I say. The rest is a joke. And that's a scientifically proven fact.

  • Tharindu Dissanayake

    "Why is there something rather than nothing? Why do we exist?"

    "the universe doesn't have just a single history, but every possible history, each with its own probability,"

    Ever since I read A briefer History of Time, I've been wanting to read more of Hawking's books. And so came The Grand Design. This book aims more towards explaining the origins and known progression of the universe (or all possible universes according to the book) and the different theories supporting presently accepted models. Unlike in A Briefer History of Time, the M-Theory is given the spotlight over the entire book, where as the former attempted the school of thought behind the Equation for Everything.

    "Our very existence imposes rules determining from where and at what time it is possible for us to observe the universe."

    Hawking's attempt to present complex concepts in most clearer way seems most admirable again. Though it might appear to be a bit difficult to read, one should keep in mind those concepts are complex no matter how well written everything is. In my opinion, this book is perfectly suited for any reader, irrespective of his or hers knowledge in physics and chemistry. Underlying core concepts are explained very clearly.

    "To paraphrase Einstein, a theory should be as simple as possible, but not simpler,"
    "According to M-theory, space-time has ten space dimensions and one time dimension."

    I'm sure most will assume this to be a technical book aimed at a niche of readers, but nothing could not be any further from truth. Even if you fail to grasp some of the stuff, what you do understand will make you think of concepts that you never imagined to be possible. Hawking will take your beyond what is perceived reality, and open your eyes to see the world quite differently.

    "We have no rational ground for believing in an objective reality,"
    "WE EACH EXIST FOR ABUT A SHORT TIME"

  • Manny

    Look John look!
    See the pop science bestseller.
    See the glossy paper.
    See the large font.
    See the wide margins.
    See the world-famous physicist.
    See the ghostwriter.

    See the double slit experiment!
    Maybe you have seen it before.
    But you can never see the double slit experiment too many times.
    See the theory of everything.
    It is free of infinities.
    Probably.
    Anyway, never mind that.

    See the quantum multiverse!
    See the strong anthropic principle.
    See them explain the mystery of being.
    They are science.
    They make predictions.
    What are the predictions?
    We don't have space for that.
    But here's another glossy picture.

    See God!
    We don't need God.
    Science has made Him irrelevant.
    Why is God laughing?
    I don't know.
    I guess He just found something funny.

  • Ahmad Sharabiani

    The Grand Design, Stephen Hawking

    The Grand Design is a popular-science book written by British physicists Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow and published by Bantam Books in 2010.

    The book examines the history of scientific knowledge about the universe and explains 11 dimension M-theory. The authors of the book point out that a Unified Field Theory (a theory, based on an early model of the universe, proposed by Albert Einstein and other physicists) may not exist.

    عنوانهای چاپ شده در ایران: «طرح باشکوه؛ به انضمام نقد و مصاحبه»؛ «طرح باشکوه؛ به انضمام نقد و مصاحبه»؛ «طرح بزرگ؛»؛ نویسنده: استیون هاوکینگ؛ لنونارد ملودینو؛ تاریخ نخستین خوانش: روز چهارم ماه مارس سال2012میلادی

    عنوان: طرح باشکوه؛ به انضمام نقد و مصاحبه؛ نویسنده: استیون هاوکینگ؛ لنونارد ملودینو؛ مترجمها مرتضی گرجیان، سیدجواد کاظمی‌تبار، فائزه علیجان‌زاده؛ تهران شرکت بهمن برنا‏‫، سال1393؛ در256ص؛ شابک9789648023619؛ موضوع: نظریه میدان واحد ابر ریسمانها از نویسندگان بریتانیا - سده21م

    عنوان: طرح باشکوه؛ به انضمام نقد و مصاحبه؛ نویسنده: استیون هاوکینگ؛ لنونارد ملودینو؛ مترجم: جمیل بصام؛ تهران، افکار، سال1390؛ در184ص؛ شابک9789642281145؛

    عنوان: طرح بزرگ؛ نویسنده: استیون هاوکینگ؛ لنونارد ملودینو؛ مترجمها: سارا ایزدیار،علی هادیان؛ تهران، نشر مازیار؛ سال1390؛ در168ص؛ چاپ سوم سال1392؛

    سه برگردان فارسی از این کتاب وجود دارد: «علی هادیان و سارا ایزدیار نشر مازیار»؛ «حسین صداقت و امیر امیرآبادی نشر نقش و نگار»؛ «جمیل بصام انتشارات افکار»؛ ا. ش

    استیون هاوکینگ بریتانیایی؛ می‌گویند: ممکن است روشی که کیهان بوجود آمده، هماهنگ با قوانین دانش باشد، که در این صورت، نیازی نیست به خدا متوسل بشویم، تا تصمیم بگیریم، که کیهان چگونه آغاز شده‌ است؛ اگر ما یک فرضیه ی همه‌ جانبه، و کامل را، در مورد پیدایش عالم کشف کنیم، این مهمترین پیروزی انسان خواهد بود، چون ما قادر خواهیم بود، که فکر خدا را بخوانیم...؛ بشر، راز خلقت جهان را، بگشوده‌ است؛ جهان می‌تواند بطور خود به خود (خود با خود)، خودش را، از هیچ بوجود آورَد، بعلاوه، می‌تواند در حالت‌های متفاوت، ایجاد شده باشد، و همه ی مشاهدات، و محاسبات، بر این نظر صحه می‌گذارند؛ در سال1999میلادی، «استیون هاوکینگ»، در یک سخنرانی، پس از اشاره به زمان‌های دور، که بشر نخستین برای رویارویی، با بیماریهای کشنده، و حوادث طبیعی (سیل و زلزله)، دست به دامان خدایان می‌شد ــ به معنی معکوس به نقش خداوند اشاره نمود و گفت

    The future of the universe is not completely determined by the laws of science, and its present state, as Laplace thought. God still has a few tricks up his sleeve. God not only plays dice. He sometimes throws the dice where they cannot be seen.
    آینده جهان آنچنان که «پیر لاپلاس» می‌پنداشت، دقیقاً مطابق قانونمندی‌های علمی پیش نمی‌رود؛ خدا هنوز دستش را رو نکرده‌ است؛ خدا نه تنها تاس بازی می‌کند، بلکه بعضی اوقات تاس را، جایی که نمی‌شود دید، پرتاب می‌کند

    استیون هاوکینگ، پیشتر در کتاب «خلاصه‌ ای از تاریخ زمان» نوشته بودند، که «قوانین فیزیک، ثابت می‌کند که اصلاً لزومی ندارد، که خدا را در مسئله ی آفرینش کهکشان دخالت داد؛ (این دو مقوله جدا از هم هستند.)» حالا می‌گوید «اگر همه قوانین فیزیک را بدانیم از کار خدا سردرمی‌آوریم»، البته یکبار گفته بود

    This doesn't prove that there is no God, only that God is not necessary. Stephen W. Hawking, Der Spiegel, 1989
    قانونمندی‌ها کار خودشان را می‌کنند (جاذبه را مثال می‌زند) قانونمندی‌ها کار خودشان را می‌کنند؛ و به دخالت خدا نیاز نیست

    هاوکینگ «ا�� تئوری» را، مادر تئوریها دانسته، و بارها اشاره کرده‌ است، که در حال حاضر به یک تئوری جامع، فراتر از تئوری‌های شناخته شده‌ ای چون «نسبیت»، و «کوانتا»، نزدیک شده‌ ایم

    این گفته ی «هاوکینگ» در حالی بیان می‌شود، که به گفته ی پروفسور «مایکل داف» - یکی از پیشگامان «ام تئوری» هنوز نمی‌توان «ام تئوری» را، تئوری جامع نامید؛ شباهت سخنان «استیون هاوکینگ»، با نظرات برخی از استادان فیزیک، که موضوع آفرینش از هیچ را، پیش کشیده‌ اند («لورنس کراوس» و دیگران)، نشان می‌دهد، که آنچه در کتاب «طرح بزرگ» آمده، زمینه و پیشینه داشته‌ است؛ کتاب «لورنس کراوس» قرار است در سالهای آینده با عنوان «پرسشهای نهایی فیزیک» منتشر شود؛

    در مصاحبه با «سی.ان.ان.»، «هاوکینگ» در پاسخ، به پرسش «لری کینگ» که می‌پرسد «آیا خداوند جهان را خلق کرده؟» می‌گوید «خداوند ممکن است وجود داشته باشد، ولی علم می‌تواند جهان را بدون نیاز به خلق کننده توضیح دهد»؛ «ملادینف» در این مصاحبه، در جواب مجری که از او پرسید «آیا شما و هاوکینگ خدا ناباور هستید»، می‌گوید «خیر»؛ هم «هاوکینگ» و هم «ملادینوف» بر روی این مساله تاکید می‌کنند، که «کتابشان اصلاً مدّعی وجود، یا عدم وجود آفریدگار نیست؛ «ملادینوف» توضیح می‌دهد، که این دو مقوله از هم جدا هستند؛ او می‌افزاید که دانش فیزیک امروز، جهان را بدون نیاز به آفریدگار توضیح می‌دهد، ولی این ربطی به مقوله ی ایمان ندارد»، «ملادینوف» در برابر این حرف «چاپرا» که او را به باوراندن «جبر» متهم کرده‌ است، پاسخ می‌دهد که «جبری که آنها در کتاب بیان کرده‌ اند، متفاوت از جبر فلسفی متعارف است؛ و صرفاً برای تاکید بر پیروی همه پدیده‌ ها از قوانین علمی است»؛ نکته جالبی که «چاپرا» در این مصاحبه بیان می‌کند، این است که «ملادینوف» و «هاوکینگ»، با این کتاب، در واقع ردیه ای بر «ماتریالیسم» نوشته‌ اند؛ چرا که ثابت کرده‌ اند مادّه مسبوق به عدم است (و بر خلاف نظر مادّی گرایان ازلی نبوده‌ است)؛ به نظر «هاوکینگ»، با حاکمیت قوانین مربوط به ک��انتوم، کائنات می‌تواند از هیچ، بدون نیاز به دخالت یک موجود فوق طبیعی، به وجود بیاید؛ اینکه بر اساس فیزیک «کوانتوم»، یک «فوتون» می‌تواند وجود داشته باشد، بدون اینکه کائناتی موجود باشد، و به محض تبدیل تصادفی «فوتون» به جفت «الکترون-پوزیترون» جرقه ی اولیه زنجیر تشکیل الکترون‌های بیشتر، زده می‌شود؛ در فصل نهایی کتاب، «هاوکینگ» براساس مدل طراحی شده، توسط «جان کانوی»، ریاضیدان و استاد «کمبریج»، به نام «بازی حیات» نشان می‌دهد، که به محض شکل گرفتن پیکربندی، یا موقعیت آغازین در یک سیستم، که قوانین معینی بر آن حاکمند، این قوانین خواهند بود، که تعیین می‌کنند، چه اتفاقی در آینده باید بیفتد.؛

    تاریخ بهنگام رسانی 24/09/1399هجری خورشیدی؛ 25/10/1400هجری خورشیدی؛ ا. شربیانی

  • Kemper

    When this book was released, I was reading a story about it on-line, and the headline said something like: “Stephen Hawking Says There Is No God”. Then I made the critical mistake of looking at the user comments under the story. It was the usual collection of badly spelled notes from ignorant asshats who tried to say that stupid science didn’t know nuthin’ or that it was all Obama’s fault.

    But one in particular caught my eye. It was by someone who undoubtedly dabbles in both neurosurgery and rocket science in his-or-her spare time, and it said something along the lines of: “THAT”S WHYY STEVN HAWKENS IS IN WHEEELCHAR!!!!!! BCAUSE HE DON”T BELIVE IN GOD!! JEBUS IS PUNSINGHING HIM!!!”

    Which got me thinking about why anyone would expect a guy who has suffered from ALS and been confined to a wheelchair for most of his life to believe in God? Among the many people who have just cause to question that a loving God is waiting in heaven to dish them out a heaping plate of Sky Cake, I’d think that Stephen Hawking would be one of them.

    It’s that kind of thinking that Hawking and Mlodinow take on here. Some people will point out the odds against any kind of life existing on Earth and say that God must have set it all in motion and made this place just for us and that it’s proof of an intelligent creator. Or you listen to a scientist like Hawking who points out that there’s whole multiverses where life doesn’t exist and that the only reason we know how lucky we are is that we exist to appreciate how lucky we are. Basing the idea that there must be some kind of intelligent creator simply because we’re here is bad science.

    And that’s Hawking’s point. This isn’t an anti-God book, it’s a pro-science and pro-critical thinking book. Hawking does a nice job in the early chapters of giving a brief overview of the development of the scientific method and how beliefs in mysterious beings have been incorporated into theories and then debunked over the centuries. Then he lays out the flaws in the models that insist that there has to be some kind of creator being in the mix.

    Even though Hawking does his best to dumb down the quantum physics that he claims proves his point and provides lots of handy pictures and graphics to help out the math and science challenged like me, it’s not exactly light reading. It’s short at 181 pages, and that helps, but while I’m fascinated by this kind of stuff, I’m also stupid enough that I had to read over some sections a couple of times before I thought I had a handle on it.

    It’s enlightening and a nice overview of both the scientific method and quantum physics, but unfortunately, I can’t see any of the people who should read this actually picking it up.

  • Marvin


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    Stephen Hawking is smarter than I am. That's no big feat because two of my cats are smarter than I am. The other cat is a certifiable idiot. But Hawking is way smarter than I am. The Grand Design is Hawking's explanation, more or less, about why the universe is the way it is. The answer comes down to M-theory which is more of a combining of explanations than one single unifying theory. Many reviewers seem to think Hawking is saying there is no God but he really seems to be stating that God is irrelevant. The real question is did we come from something or nothing. The beginning of an answer involves an understanding of quantum physics and multiverses that Hawking put as well into laymen's term as we can hope for. I don't pretend to understand everything in this book. I'm still contemplating why the world needs hairballs. But I did immensely enjoy reading this short book and can honestly say I understand a little bit more.

  • Ahmed Ibrahim

    في هذا الكتاب يحاول هوكينج البحث عن النظرية الموحدة للكون التي سعى إليها الكثيرين من قبله، نظرية كل شيء.
    لكنه هذه المرة لا يريد سوى تتبع الكون علميًا فقط دون إرجاع علته لمحرك أول أو خالق كما فعل سابقيه، فيكمل ما بدأه في كتابه تاريخ موجز للزمان ليتوغل هذه المرة أعمق في تفسير الكون وقوانينه، في تاريخ موجز للزما�� نجد أن النسبية العامة كانت هي العامل المفسر لأغلب ما يتناوله لتركيزه على الأشياء الكبيرة في الكون كالثقوب السوداء، أما هنا فميكانيكا الكم هي محور التعليل لتعامله مع الجسيمات والكوركات والمواد الصغيرة، ورجوعه للعوامل التي ساعدت في ظهور هذا الكون واحتمالية وجود عدد لا متناهي من الأكوان. لهذا قد يستعصى هذا الكتاب بعض الشيء على غير المتخصصين بعكس كتابه تاريخ موجز للزمان.

    يبدأ هوكينج كتابه بطرح العديد من الأسئلة عن سر الوجود، ويوضح أن هذه الأسئلة فلسفية بالأساس لكن الفلسفة ليست قادرة على الرد، ثم بدأ بطرح العديد من النظريات القديمة عن الوجود ومهد للنظرية الذي يحاول تبنيها.
    ثم ينتقل بالحديث تدريجيًا لتفسير القوانين الكونية، وتناول احتمال أن تكون رؤيتنا للواقع مشوشة وأننا لا نعرفه بل نراه من وجهة نظرنا، ولكن هذا في نظره ليس مانعًا لكي يحاولوا اكتشاف كنه هذا العالم كمان نراه. ثم طرح نظرية التواريخ البديلة التي تنظر للكون على أنه ليس له تاريخ واحد بل يمكن أن يكون له تواريخ كثيرة وهذا ما يجعلنا نظن بأن كوننا ليس سوى واحد من أكوان كثيرة، وقد ضرب أمثلة تبسيطية وتجارب تم إجرائها ليوضح بالعودة إلى ميكانيكا الكم أن العملية التي نشأت بها الأكوان عشوائية. وقد تناول هوكينج كل ما قد سبق ليبدأ بتناول نظرية كل شيء باتباع ما وصل إليه الآخرون وإكماله ويستمر إلى آخر الكتاب يتناول القوانين والنظريات ليقول في النهاية أن الكون يمكن أن ينشأ من العدم بتفاعل القوانين، فينتهي أن الطاقة السالبة لقانون الجاذبية يمكن أن تتوازن لخلق الطاقة الموجبة اللازمة لتكون الكرة الصغيرة التي انفجرت وتضخمت كما شرح هوكينج في الفصول اللاحقة.
    ويقول بطرح سؤال على نفسه: لماذا تكون القوانين الأساسية كما وصفناها؟ ويجيب بأن النظرية كما تم شرحها قامت على أساس متسق ومتماسك وتنبأ بكميات محدودة لكل شيء، كما أن النظرية هي أكثر نظرية عمومية للجاذبة وهي النظرية الوحيدة المرشحة لأن تكون النظرية الكاملة للكون.

    ويختتم بقوله:
    "وإذا تم إثبات النظرية بالملاحظة، فسيكون ذلك استنتاجًا ناجحًا لبحث يرجع تاريخه لأكثر من 3000 عام. وسنكون قد عثرنا على التصميم العظيم."

  • Riku Sayuj

    In the first chapter Hawking says that his aim is to provide an answer to "Life, Universe and Everything" and goes on to assure us that his answer will not merely be "42". After just completing the last chapter, I think I still prefer "42".

  • Beatriz

    Un libro de ciencia (física) divulgativa que deja apreciar a quien fue, probablemente, una de las mentes más brillantes de la historia de la humanidad. El mérito principal está, indiscutiblemente, en presentar conceptos muy complejos de forma absolutamente comprensible, aunque reconozco que la parte central se hace un poco pesada.

    Inicia con un repaso muy interesante del avance de la física desde la época clásica hasta nuestros días, entregando varias reflexiones sobre el tradicional conflicto Dios/Ciencia, así como varias anécdotas respecto de cómo se describían antiguamente algunos fenómenos. Por ejemplo, para explicar que los objetos adquieren velocidad a medida que van cayendo, Aristóteles inventó un nuevo principio, a saber, que los cuerpos están más contentos y, por lo tanto, se aceleran a medida que se acercan a su posición de reposo. Debo reconocer que me causó mucha gracia.

    Sin embargo, el fuerte del libro es presentarnos el descubrimiento y avances de la física cuántica y cuánto se diferencia de la física clásica y sus leyes. Hawking nos demuestra, matemática y físicamente, que la existencia de múltiples universos no es exclusiva de las novelas de ciencia ficción y cómics de Marvel, sino que nuestra especie se desarrolló en una de tantas posibles “historias”.

    La cantidad de eventos afortunados que permiten nuestra existencia hacen imposible no maravillarse ante la complejidad del ser humano, así como de su insignificancia en el gran diseño de nuestro universo.

    Reto #24 PopSugar 2020: Un libro sobre un tema del que no sabes nada (Efectivamente, mis conocimientos de física cuántica eran prácticamente nulos)

  • Mohamed al-Jamri

    أثير الكثير من الكلام حول هذا الكتاب قبل وبعد صدوره خاصة وأن أحد الكاتبين هو العالم البريطاني الشهير ستيفن هوكنج وأيضًا بسبب التساؤلات الوجودية التي يطرحها

    يبدأ الكتاب بسرد تاريخ العلم، فيقول أن البشر في البداية استعانوا بالأساطير والقوى الخارقة لتفسير الظواهر الطبيعية ومن ثم في القرن السادس قبل الميلاد ظهر لنا مجموعة من المفكرين الإغريق من مدرسة إيونية قاموا بمحاولة الخروج بتفسيرات مادية للظواهر الطبيعية من دون الرجوع للآلهة كعامل مفسر. على رأس هؤلاء كان طاليس الذي قيل أنه تنبأ بكسوف للشمس وجاء من بعده أناكسامندر، أمبيديكليس، ديموقرطس، اسطرخص وغيرهم. يذكر أيضًا فيثاغورث وكيف أنه على الأرجح ليس مكتشف النظرية الرياضية الشهيرة المسماة على إسمه، ولكن الكتاب لا يذكر أن أصل كثير من المبدائ الرياضية والفلكية يعود لحضارات بلاد ما بين النهرين ويكتفي بذكر الحضارة الإغريقية كمهد للعلوم. في الحقبة التالية يختفي العلم المادي بشكل كبير قبل أن يعود مع الثورة العلمية على يد جاليليو وكيبلر ونيوتن. مجدداً ليس هناك ذكر لحقبة مهمة وهي الحقبة العلمية الإسلامية.

    يقترح الكتاب نظرة جديدة للواقع يسميها "الواقعية المعتمدة على النموذج" والتي تقول أننا لا يمكن أن نصل للحقيقة المحضة ولكن يمكننا تصور نماذج تتوافق مع التجارب وكل نموذج يوافق التجربة يعبر عن الحقيقة، فالحقيقة كخريطة للكرة الأرضية لا يمكن الإحاطة بها بدقة باستخدام خريطة واحدة وإلا حدثت اختلالات وإن كانت بسيطة ولذلك تستخدم عدة خرائط متخصصة تصف كل جزء منها وهذه الخرائط الصغيرة تتقاطع فيما بينها لتعطينا صورة كلية للأرض.

    يتطرق الكتاب بعد ذلك للنظرية النسبية والفيزياء الكمية ويبين خصائصهما التي تبدو مخالفة للمنطق في البداية كالتباطؤ الزماني في النسبية وفي الفيزياء الكمية تصرف الالكترونات كجسيمات تارة وموجات تارة أخرى حسب وضع تجربة الشقين وكذلك مبدأ الريبة لهايزنبيرج. من ثم يشرح عدم إمكانية التوفيق بين القوى الأساسية الأربع المعروفة في الطبيعة وهي الجاذبية والكهرومغناطيسية والنووية القوية والنووية الضعيفة، حيث وبالرغم من النجاح في توحيد القوى الثلاث الأخيرة مع الفيزياء الكمية فقد فشلت جميع المحاولات لحد الآن في توحيد الجاذبية معها.

    وهنا يطرح الكتاب نظرية إم الناتجة عن توحيد نظريات الأوتار الفائقة الخمس مع البعد الحادي عشر. يقترح الكتاب أن هذه النظرية من الممكن (خطين تحت كلمة من الممكن) أن توحد لنا القوى الأساسية الأربع بالإضافة إلى تفسير التوافق الدقيق للكون. يطرح الكتاب التوافق الدقيق للكون ويطرح المبدأ الأنثربولوجي والأكوان المتعددة كتفسير آخر له غير وجود خالق وعلى عكس الكثير مما ذكر عن الكتاب، فهو لا ينفي وجود الخالق بل يقول أن العلم وبالتحديد نظرية إم من الممكن أن توفر تفسير مادي شامل للكون من دون الحاجة للاستعانة بالخالق في ذلك. عندما تم الضغط على هوكنج في احدى المقابلات بعد نشر الكتاب ذكر أنه لا يؤمن بوجود اله وهو في هذا يتفق مع واينبيرغ في مقولته "العلم لا يجعل الإيمان بالله مستحيلا، بل يجعل عدم الإيمان به ممكنا". يذكر أن التوافق الدقيق للكون والثوابت الكونية هو أحد أكثر الأدلة الحديثة المؤيدة لوجود خالق وقد أطلق عليه جيري كوين في كتابه "الإيمان في قبال الحقائق" اللاهوتية الطبيعية الحديثة عطفًا على اللاهوتية الطبيعية التي كانت منتشرة قبل نظرية التطور.

    أول ما أثار انتباهي هو أن الكتاب يذكر في أوائل صفحاته أن الفلسفة ماتت ولم يعد لها مكان. هذا الانتقاد للفلسفة تكرر لدى عدد من الفيزيائيين البارزين من ضمنهم ستيفين واينبيرج وريتشارد فاينمان (كلاهما حاصلان على نوبل في الفيزياء) بالرغم أنهم يستخدمون الكثير من الأفكار الفلسفية كإمكانية الدحض مثلا، بل يتم ذلك في هذا الكتاب ذاته في طرح الواقعية المعتمدة على النموذج وفي مواضع أخرى. يقول فيلسوف العلم جيفري كاسير (والذي يقدم كورسًا مجانيًا عن فلسفة العلم) أن العلم لا يمكن أن يخلو من الفلسفة، كما لا تخلو لعبة البيسبول من قوانين الفيزياء. من الأصح حسب وجهة نظري القول بأن الفلسفة لا بد أن تأخذ الاكتشافات العلمية في الاعتبار وإلا أصبحت ميتة فعلاً، مثلاً كل فلسفة تأخذ بالخلق المباشر بدلًا عن نظرية التطور فلسفة ميتة وفي المقابل لا بد للعلماء من الالمام ببعض الفلسفة لتجنب الوقوع في المغالطات الفلسفية مع العلم أن وظيفة الفلسفة ليست اكتشاف الحقائق الطبيعية في الكون.

    يؤخذ على الكتاب أيضًا تقديمه نظرية إم كالنظرية الوحيدة القادرة على توحيد القوى الأربع في حين أنه لا توجد تجارب تؤيدها لحد الآن وما ذكر من تجارب في الكتاب تؤيد الفيزياء الكمية في حد ذاتها وليس هذا التفسير المعين لها، ولكنها ليست غير قابلة للتجريب من ناحية مبدئية (وهذا يجنبها الوقوع في العلم الزائف حسب فلسفة كارل بوبر) بل لا توجد طريقة يمكن تجريبها بها لحد الآن.

    في الغالب الكتاب سهل الفهم نسبيًا ولكنه ليس بسلاسة كتاب هوكنج الأول، "تاريخ موجز للزمان" وهو في ما عدا الانتقادات التي ذكرتها رائع ويستحق القراءة.

  • David Boyce

    As a cosmologist and a Stephen Hawking fan, I have a real issue with this book. His statement, that the Universe unpacks itself and therefore does not need a creator is based on some really flawed logic called 'model dependent realism'. MDR is a way of comparing reality to a model, if the model produces the same observable characteristics as observed in reality then the model is said to be as true as any other model.

    Imagine this, if there was equal amounts of incriminating evidence that two people committed a crime and prosecution lawyers could build a case against both men then under MDR both are guilty of the crime irrespective of the fact that it only happened one way. By invoking MDR Hawking is blatantly ignoring the lessons of the past, that evidence makes or breaks models, and so far M-theory is unsupported by evidence.

    In fact if you follow the line of Hawking's logic, rather than his conclusion, you can even say that Hawking categorically proves the existence of God - All be it as an MDR model of Universe creation. However he selectively ignores this and only looks at how MDR supports his religious beliefs. But, there are a lot of things wrong with this book. Let me explain....

    Hawking contradicts himself. He says that Kepler, Galileo, Descartes and Newton saw that the laws of physics were the work of God and that this God was not the God the Old Testament. However we do not have enough written down about the religious beliefs off all of the above to know that this is true and this statement is certainly not true for Newton who was as Christian as you could get. Hawking is doing something quite unscientific here, he is trying to re-write history. It is an embarrassment to atheism that some of the greatest geniuses off all time could have a religious belief like the rest of us and so Hawking is trying to apologise for this by making out that somehow the religious beliefs of these scientists were different to that of the rest of the population.

    Hawking suggests at some points that we must take the Universe at face value, that we must consider real only what is measurably real and then contradicts himself (when talking about the holographic theory) by saying that the Universe may be fundamentally different to how we observe it.

    Hawking suggests that God doesn’t intervene, and defines intervening as a suspension of the normal laws of physics. But what about intervention using the laws of physics. What about a God that intervenes only rarely. Under MDR all are as real as a God that never intervenes. Hawking laughs at the idea that we might all be the figment of someone else’s dream, but under the logic he himself invokes, this theory is as real as M-theory.

    Hawking describes how our perception of reality can be changed by placing upside down glasses on our faces. Our minds are so set in their ways that they refuse the new reality and change the input to fit with the model of the reality in our heads. In MDR the model each person has in their heads is a real reality. Reality is unique to each observer. If God exists in my model, it is true for my Universe, if he doesn’t in yours then God really is absent from yours.

    Hawking describes how St Augustine concluded that the Earth was young due to the ages of people in the bible, but at the time there was no recognised evidence to suggest otherwise. According to MDR young Earth creationism was the reality, since no other model existed. He says that young Earth creationism in the present day is as real as the big bang theory. But Hawking is breaking his own logic here. In today’s day and age we have a lot more evidence that the Universe began with something like the big bang which means that under MDR, this model is considered to be MORE real.

    Hawking describes how Hubble’s model of the Universe was accepted because it was the most natural model but naturalness and elegance is purely subjective. In MDR plausibility is not measured. Hawking mentions how the laws of nature determine a range of probabilities of various futures and past, and yet avoids the issue about how a selection is made. Somehow a selection IS made.

    Hawking describes how the Universe is comprehensible because it can be modelled. This is not true. Only the model is comprehensible. The Universe is not the model; the Universe is infinite and by its very nature incomprehensible and thanks to quantum physics not even entirely measurable.

    The bits that really make me cringe, and I have a degree and a PhD in this, is where Hawking gets his science wrong. Hawking suggests that the standard model “agrees with all current evidence”, but this is not true. Experiments have observed that the neutrino has mass, and the standard model cannot account for this.

    Hawking suggests that inflation in the early Universe really did happen, but recent observations by his old friend Roger Penrose have cast serious doubts over this. Hawking also suggests that this Universe is casually disconnected from the other possibilities, and so what we experience is just one possibility. However M-theory suggests that gravity information leaks between membranes, thus collapsing the universe into one possibility. This one.

    Hawking suggests the Universe has 4 dimensions of space time as the result of our selection. In his words the Universe is like this because this is one of the possibilities it could have been and our selection is this. But as Einstein said, “God doesn’t play dice”. To suggest that some thing’s have no fundamental reason for existing is like saying “Everybody stop all scientific research, because there is no fundamental reason for any of this”.

    Hawking also suggests that the act of creation is understandable purely within the realm of science, but doesn’t mention that we have no science that works at t=0. The science goof that nearly had me eating my kindle in apoplexy was when Hawking suggests that black holes have positive gravitational potential energy. If that were true, the milky way would be spread around the Universe.

    Hawking does do well at talking his way out of the fine tuning argument. He effectively kills that argument dead and I agree we do not need God to explain why the Universe is perfect for our existence. But my reply is that, people shouldn’t have been using that line of apologism in the first place because it doesn’t make theological sense, let alone scientific sense. According to Christian doctrine God made creation for himself, he did not make it for us.

    Hawking does well at explaining how quantum mechanics and relativity on intermediate scales produce Newtonian like physics. This is the Hawking we know and love and this book should have been full of this kind of stuff. Instead it is full of laughable pseudoscience and theology. Model dependent realism is not robust enough for Hawking’s confidence in it and doesn’t hold up to scrutiny or close inspection.

    The theological work in this is very much of the style of Dawkins and others who successfully disprove Gods of their own imagining. They create a God, give it powers and then disprove the God that they have created. But they don’t get anywhere near the God that people worship in churches. Hawking’s intellect outstrips his own imagination and it really shows in this work. I am very happily the other way around.

  • Baba

    New, and obviously science based analysis that seeks to answer the ultimate questions about life… like when and how did the universe begin, why are we here, is there a god etc. Interesting and thought provoking stuff. 7 out of 12.

  • Jafar

    I have a feeling that the publishing industry is milking Stephen Hawking. There was a time when we had a dashing physicist named Richard Feynman who used LSD and played banjo in a strip club. The naked pole dancers didn’t distract him from formulating quantum electrodynamics. He was quite a genius, and he was all over the place with his talks and popular books. But he’s dead. Now Stephen Hawking seems to be the coolest physicist around. He’s paralyzed and wheelchair-bound, and he speaks through a voice synthesizer by twitching a tiny working cheek muscle against a screen to pick up a displayed word. How cool is that! So he’s become quite a celebrity, and he fully deserves it. The public is fascinated with him. But that doesn’t mean a whole lot for the quality of his books. I’ve read better pop-physics books than this one. Besides, I didn’t see anything new here.

    This book got more publicity because it’s supposed to take on the question of God. It’s no secret that the great biologists and physicists tend to be atheists. That’s a very telling fact. But having acknowledged that, I don’t see a point in a physicist trying to “disprove” God through physics. Upon being asked by Napoleon where God fits in his physics, Laplace is reported to having said: “Sire, I have not needed that hypothesis.” Science, by definition, does not and cannot use the God hypothesis. I don’t see why it should get into the business of rejecting that hypothesis. Those who are inclined to reject God can point to the findings of biology and cosmology for support. But that is quite different from a physicist setting out to refute God based on physics.

    As for the God-rejecting physics – it can be summarized in two points: 1) While no individual physical object can appear out of nothing, an entire universe can. This is because the sum-total of the energy in the universe is zero. 2) There are almost an infinite number of universes popping out of nothing into existence. One of them, like the one where we live, can, by mere chance, have the right properties (laws and constants of physics) for the emergence of starts and planets and eventually life. The book goes into explaining the physics behind these two claims. Unless you’re a physicist as good as Hawking, there’s nothing you can say about his physics.

  • Tulay

    Love to talk or read about very smart people, they always teach me and make me look at things differently. Never miss any programs on TV about our home and universe, or fill my library with books in this subject. Some theories and scientific explanations was over my head, but help to make me understand was just phone call away.

  • Mohamed Bayomi

    اجابات على اسئلة الكون الكبرى !!
    بعد قراءة الكتاب والعودة الى النظر للعنوان ، لا استطيع الا ان اضحك
    لا اجد سوى تعليق كامو - دائما ما اجده مناسبا لمثل هذه الكتب العلمية الذي لو غير العنوان لأختلف رايي-
    »و ادرك حينئذ انك تقلصت إلى حد الشعر ، وانني لن أعرف«

    الكاتب يحاول نفي مبدأي الارادة والعناية البشرية ، سأفترض ان كل كلامك مظبوط وان النظام يحمل في داخله حتمية التطور وانه لا يحتاج الى مبرمج , حضرتك لم تخبرني من اين جاءت تلك الكتلة شديدة الكثافة محدودة الحجم في البدء ، ولو كانت أزلية لماذا بدأت فقط في التحرك/الانفجار/التطور منذ ١٣ مليار سنة ، وليس ١٠ او ١٠٠ مليار سنة او الازل ، بما ان الحركة لها بداية لماذا انتظرت منذ الازل حتى تاريخ ١٣.٨ مليار سنة

  • Jason


    Wake me up when you actually define M-Theory.
    (Which has yet to be defined)

    This was a short read that cost WAY TOO MUCH money.

    Any book I can read in a day should cost less than 9 dollars.

  • محمد  النعمه

    في هذا الكتاب الذي يكتب الفيزيائي والعالم الكبير ستفين هوكينج .. يقدم لنا أخر ما توصل له العلم للإجابة على " أسئلة الكون الكبرى "

    كتاب ممتع وجميل .. معقد قليل ومصطلحاته الفيزيائية صعبه لغير المتخصصين .. أنصح بقراءته .. قيمته بأربع نجوم على السته الأولى .. فهي جميلة وعلمية ومفيدة .. والكتاب مقسم للفصول التالية //


    في الفصل الأول يتحدث " لغز الوجود " .. يطرح المؤلف فكرة الكتاب وكيف سيجيب على الاسئلة الكبرى ( لماذا يوجد الشيء بدلاً من اللا شيء؟ .. لماذا نوجد نحن ؟ .. لماذا توجد هذه المجموعة المحددة من القوانين دون غيرها ؟ "

    في الفصل الثاني بعنوان " سيادة القانون " .. يتحدث الفصل عن نشأة قوانين الطبيعة كبديل عن الاسطورة واللاهوت .. من بداية طاليس ( 585 ق م ) حتى لابلاس ( 1749 م ) ..

    في الفصل الثالث بعنوان " مالواقع ؟ " .. ينتقد هوكينج ( الواقعية واللاوقعية ) حيث لا يمكن أثبات وجود كل شيء كما نراه او نحس به كما تقول الواقعية ، ولا يمكن إنكار كل شي نراه ونشعر به كما تقول اللاوقعية .. ويستبدلهما بـ(الواقعية المعتمدة على النموذج) والتي تعني ( أنه لا جدوى من السؤال عما إذا كان النموذج حقيقياً أم لا إن كان يتوافق مع الملاحظة ) فعلينا أن نتعامل مع النموذج كما هو بغض النظر عن كونه حقيقياً أم لا ..

    في الفصل الرابع بعنوان " تواريخ بديلة " .. يناقش الكتاب نظرية كم تسمى " التواريخ البديلة " وهي التي تقول ( أنه ليس للكون وجود أو تاريخ واحد ، ولكن هناك نسخ محتملة جداً من الكون ) .. وهو فصل فيزيائي بحت يناقش تجربة فيزيائية يطلق عليها " كرات بَكي "

    في الفصل الخامس " نظرية كل شي " .. يسقط الكاتب تجربة بكي على الكون .. ويستطيع من خلال الأمثله أن يثبت أن هناك نظريات متعددة لشيء واحد ..

    في الفصل السادس " أختيار كوننا " .. يبدأ الكتاب بشرح الكون ونشأته ويجب على السؤال بحسب رأي المؤلف الذي بدأ الفصل بذكر ملاحظات أدوين هابل عن ان المجرات تبتعد عن الارض ومنها عرف تاريخ نشأة الكون و " الانفجار العظيم - بيغ بانغ )

    في الفصل السابع " المعجزة الكونية " .. يتحدث الكاتب عن المعجزه التي أوجدت الكون وأوجدت البشر في الارض فقط دون غيرها من الكواكب وعن المصادفات الكونية ( إن كوننا كان سيفجر نفسه لأجزاء لو كانت قيمة الثابت الكوني أكبر من ماهي عليه ) .. وفي هذا الباب تحديداً يحاول هوكينج أن يرد على أقوى حجج المؤمنين بوجود الإله .. وكانت ردوده ضعيفة حسب رأيي

    في الفصل الأخير " التصميم العظيم .. وفي هذا الفصل يشرح هوكينج نظريم " أم " وهي نظرية فيزيائية .. يعتقد هوكينج أنها نظرية كل شيء .. أو النظرية التي تثبت كل ��يء

  • Bettie




    01.11.2016: Stephen Hawking warns that the Higgs Boson field could collapse, resulting in a chain reaction that would take in the whole universe with it. The nihilists have been right all along...



    M-theory: Doubts linger over godless multiverse
    STEPHEN HAWKING'S new book The Grand Design sparked a furore over whether physics can be used to disprove the existence of God. But few have noted that the idea at the core of the book, M-theory, is the subject of an ongoing scientific debate – specifically over the very aspect of the theory that might scrap the need for a divine creator.

    That the laws of nature in our universe are finely tuned for life seems miraculous, leading some to invoke divine involvement. But if there is a multiverse out there – a multitude of universes, each with its own laws of physics – then the conditions we observe may not be unique.



    Source

  • Negar

    اون چیزایی رو که حقیقتاً توضیح داده بود رو خوب توضیح داده بود.
    + که البته تکراری بودن.

    هاوکینگ، میشه دیگه کتاب ننویسی؟
    + ترجمه و ویراست فاجعه بود.

    + ویرایش بعد از یک سال و اندی : عصبانی بودم اون موقع خب. زیاد به دل نگیرین.

  • Muhammad Abdullah

    This book contains a little more in-depth knowledge. The person with a physics major finds it more captive than those with other disciplines. A quick read to get handful of knowledge about universe in fewer time. Recommend to people with interest in disciplines like physics and cosmology.

  • Sud666

    "The Grand Design" is a very deep book from one of the top minds in physics. As such, it is not an easy read. Hawkings takes on some rather large questions. Ranging from "When and how did the universe begin?" or "Why are we here", and even, "Why are the laws of nature so finely tuned?"

    Each section of this book, such as "The Rule of Law", look into various thought process in the history of science. We also see how these processes have changed through the years of greater scientific knowledge.

    While each section is very informative and very interesting, it is set out in rather complex notions and a somewhat dry delivery. This a book to be read slowly to allow for the big concepts to sink in. Hawkings has a remarkable IQ and it shows in this book. Thus while it is not for everyone and may not be overly accessible to many, but I think this is worth the time of anyone who is interested in the big picture concepts behind physics, told by one of the greatest minds in physics.

  • Somormujo

    4,25/5

  • Elise

    After reading Bill Bryson's
    A Short History of Nearly Everything and Brian Greene's
    The Fabric of the Cosmos, I felt that I might finally be ready for my first Hawking book. There were a couple of sections that I re-read, in an attempt to make concrete some of the more abstract aspects of m-theory. Despite my rudimentary understanding of quantum physics, I still gleaned a great deal from this book and would recommend it to anyone who is even mildly curious. Those who have a more advanced education in physics may find this book too basic, especially the earlier chapters.
    Questions such as "What occurred before the big bang?" and "what instigated the creation of the universe?" are addressed in the last chapter, and the earlier chapters build up a nice base of prior research for those unfamiliar with m-theory.

  • T.R. Preston

    There are many fascinating conversations one might have about the universe. You could even say there are an infinite amount of subjects that boggle the mind. The one that puzzles and intrigues me more than any other, however, is the concept of there being multiple universes, each with its own unique timeline. Grasping that is simply beyond what the human mind is capable of. We have no ground to stand on. Such an idea sounds like nonsense, but Scientists, very respectable ones, would have you believe it. I don't even know how to convey how much that thought makes me dizzy.

    The other thing that fascinates me, and has done for many years, is the tangibility of 'Nothingness'. This, yet again, is something our brains cannot grapple with. As far as we can process, there is only ever 'Somethingness', and 'Nothingness' is simply a descriptor that fills in the gaps of our knowledge. But Science has proven that there was 'Nothingness' before the universe created itself. And the universe only ever had the opportunity to create itself because the state of 'Nothingness' was unstable. I can't claim to be able to explain that to anybody in further detail, but the contents of this book touch on it. Also, since the universe is expanding, what is it expanding into? That's right, Nothingness. That means 'Nothing' is literally an area of space that we are filling. If that doesn't make you scratch your head then I don't know what possibly could.

    The universe is brimming over with magical and unbelievable things. I feel it is our duty as a species to continue to search for the truth. And, alas, there happens to be just a little word that is ever the ball and chain around humanity's leg; and that word would be 'Religion'. *Sigh* Now, I have no qualms with religious people, as long as they don't hurt anyone or harbour hateful ideals. There are many who are wonderful people. But, that being said, I don't think there are many things I detest in life more than the foundation of religion itself. Even when something has been proven wrong a thousand times over, you are scum if you don't believe it. I just can't stand the state of it all. Even though every single religion on our planet has been starkly disproven and left in the dust of Science and evidence, there are still many things that even science cannot explain. There are most likely things out there in the endless black far more 'Divine' than our fictional stories. But people don't adapt. They were raised on one fictional story, so therefore that fictional story is in their blood. It is that mentality that holds us all back. I adore science because science is a 'process', not an absolute. Science learns and grows. And it has already grown well beyond the concept of God (at least the Christian version. Who knows, there could be a 'God' in some form or another. He, or rather 'IT' is just not how we have been told). That conversation is a dead one. As dead as flat earth. I truly wish we could move forward and leave it behind, but I know that will not happen; at least not for the initiated. It saddens me.

    Think about this for a moment: Christianity, as an example, is far from the oldest religion. It was not here first. By all accounts, Hinduism was. So why is Christianity the 'real' one while Hinduism is just made up? I'll tell you why: because Christians said so. What about the Norse? No? Made up, huh. Of course. Islam? Not the one true God, eh? Okay, what about Jainism? Buddhism? I could go on and on for pages. Now, consider this: they can't all be right. But they'll sure as hell tell you they are. The fact there are so many different so-called 'truths' is proof enough that they were All made up.

    again, I truly mean no disrespect to the good religious people out there; the ones who don't tell me I'm going to burn in hell forever. But I just find it remarkable that people ignore science. There are still great and encouraging things to discover in the universe. You can even still believe in an afterlife, if you wish. But why does it have to be one specific story that has been proven to be a fallacy? Why not get up, brush off your pants, and go learn more about what is out there? Why not come up with your own hypothesis of the meaning of life? Many actually do this these days while claiming to be religious. I've asked friends of mine if they truly believe that the Holy Bible is telling real stories about things that happened. Their answer? "Oh, no, of course not." They themselves have adapted into their own version of God and the universe. I can respect that; I just can't understand why you still call it Christianity. But that is your right to do so. The whole thing just gives me a headache. I know I shouldn’t care, as long as no one is being hurt. But it's like listening to someone quote a movie to you incorrectly. You, along with everybody else, knows that they are saying the line wrong, but that person is damn sure they got it word-for-word. That same kind of itching annoyance is what religion does these days. They're quoting the line wrong. They got it wrong. But don't tell them that.

    I guess you can only sigh and move on. Religion helps people through tough times; and even though the stories aren’t real, maybe that doesn’t matter. They have done a good thing for someone. I guess that’s special in its own way. It’s just not something I could ever subscribe to. It’s not how my brain works. Once it is proven false, I discard it and move on, regardless of how good it makes me feel. But I'm glad religion can bring people peace in life. That's not nothing.

    Anyways, now that I’ve rambled: the book itself. This was a great and simple read. It only really scratched the surface of the arguments presented, but it did a good enough job to spark the mind. Stephen Hawking was one hell of a man. We won’t see his like for many generations, perhaps never again.

  • Ahmad Ashraf

    بِسْم الله المصمم الأعظم أبدأ مراجعتي للتصميم العظيم لستيفن هوكينج
    حتي لا تكون هذة المراجعة موضوع إنشائي سألجأ للتركيز و التكثيف ما إستطعت
    تقديم :- من المفترض أن الفيزيائي الشهيرة مستر هوكينج كتب هذا الكتاب من أجل إيضاح التصميم العظيم و كيفية بداية الكون من العدم ، و هو كغيره من العلماء ينكر فكرة وجود كائن فوقي أو مهندس مصمم للكون و يعتبر ذلك أسطورة !!
    و الرجل حاول لمرات عديدة أن يحل معضلات نشأة الكون من العدم و لكنه فشل و لو أمعنت في دراسة هذا الكتاب الفريد و أنت ملحد سوف تلحد بإلحادك فور نهاية صفحاته ال ٢٢٤ :) ؟!!!!!!!!
    سأقوم بتبسيط الفكرة :
    تقف أمام برج شاهق لشركة الإلكترونيات الأمريكية الرائدة في مجال التكنولوجيا مايكروسوفت و تسأل نفسك ٤ أسئلة ؟
    ١- هل هذا البرج موجود فعلا ؟!
    ٢- هل من المحتمل أن يكون هذا البرج شُيد من تلقاء نفسه ؟!
    ٣- هل هذا البرج له وجود حسي في الأبعاد الثلاثة ؟!
    ٤- هل هذا البرج له وجود زماني ومكاني ؟!
    طبعا الإجابات كلها سهلة و بديهية لأننا نتحدث عن برج سكني ؟!
    ١- معلوم الوجود إحتمالية أنه غير موجود تؤول إلي الصفر
    ٢- إحتمالية أنه أنشأ نفسه من تلقاء نفسه بدون مصمم صفر أيضا
    ٣ - هل البرج موجود بالترميز البعدي نعم له x و y و z
    ٤- نعلم زمان بداي�� تشيده و عمره الإفتراضي و متي يجب هدمه نعم نعرف ؟!
    نعرف مكانه تحديدا علي أي قطعة أرض بمنتهي الدقة نعم نعرف ؟!
    سليم جدا ،، دعونا نهبط لنسقط هذة الأسئلة الأربعة علي البنية المتناهية في الصغر ((( الذرة )))
    هل البروتون موجود فعلا مثلا يوجد برج مايكروسوفت يمكن أن نراه ؟!
    لا لا يمكن إحتمالية وجوده و إن كانت مثبتة فيزيقيا بنسبة ٩٩ ٪ يظل ال ١ ٪ لعدم وجوده ممكن الحدوث
    هل الذرة تكونت من تلقاء نفسها بدون مصمم ؟!
    سيقول البعض نعم تكونت من جسيمات أصغر بروتونات و نيوترونات و بيزوترونات و هكذا
    سليم لو تكون بدون تصميم كان هناك مطلق الحرية للإلكترون مثلا ليتركها وقتما شاء ؟!
    ليس هناك تصميم أو قانون يجبره علي غير ذلك ؟! و هذا لا يحدث بل هو مقيد و لا يمكن أن يفارق أبدا مداره بدون فقد أو زيادة في الطاقة التي تتعرض لها نواة العنصر ؟!
    و لو تحركت كل الإلكترونات سالبة الشحنة بشكل تلقائي و ليس عليها قيود لأنها برفقة البروتونات و البيزوترونات كونت ذرة من تلقاء نفسها احدثت فوضي جزيئة مدمرة علي أي تفاعل كيميائي ؟! إذن هناك تصميم ؟!
    هل للذرة أبعاد ثلاثة سيزداد الطي�� بلة لها أبعاد أكثر من ثلاثة بكثير ؟!
    هل يمكن تحديد مكانها أو زمانها ؟!
    سنقع في حيرة مضنية الإلكترون يدور في مدار هو الأوربيتال لنفترض أنه مكانه هل يمكن تحديد مكانه ؟!
    لتحديد مكانه يجب تحديد سرعته و لتحديد سرعته يجب حساب المسافة التي يقطعها في زمن معين ؟!
    و محاولة تحيد عنصر من هذة العناصر في صورة ثابت لحساب الأخر ستسفر بالقطع عن نتيجة مضللة ؟!
    بل أنك أساسا من الممكن أن تتعامل مع عناصر مختلفة السلوك مثل الضوء سلوكه الجمعي كموجة و تصرف ذراته الفردية الفوتونات مختلفة تماما و لا يمكن تنبأ بسلوك الجماعة من معرفة سلوك فرد واحد و العكس صحيح ؟!
    إذا نصل لحقيقة مفادها فشلنا في تطبيق الأسئلة الوجودية العلمية عن الذرة ؟!
    لنذهب للإجابة عن النواة الكبري للكون ؟!
    هل توجد مجرة غير مجرتنا فعلا ؟!
    سيحدثنا البعض إنها موجودة و يمكن أن نراها بأي مسبار كوني و لكنها ربما بعيدة جدا لتمدد الكون الدائم
    أو إنها ما زالت في طور الإنفجار العظيم و لم تبرد لتتشكل بعد ؟! لنسلم جدلا بحقيقة ذلك.
    و نذهب للسؤال الثاني هل حدث الإنفجار الأعظم من تلقاء نفسه ؟!
    في أساسيات علم الكيمياء في المرحلة الإبتدائية درس لنا أنه التفاعلات الضخمة القوية لعزل ذرات ثقيلة تحتاج عوامل محفزة لبدء التفاعل فكيف بتفاعل سينتج الكووووووووووون العظيم بأكمله يا مستر هوكينج ؟!!!!!!!
    ربما كنت سأعتبرك حكيما و أرفع لك القبعة لو قلت أن المصمم الأعظم إنما فقط تكرم و أشعل عود ثقاب بدأ به الإنفجار الكوني الكبير ثم أختفي ؟! لكنك لم تقل ذلك :)
    و تصبح الإجابة عن سؤال الأبعاد الثلاثة سهلة أكثر بكثير من ثلاثة أبعاد عدد لا نهائي من إحتمالات التواجد و لا يمكن تحديد مكان أي جرم سماوي بدقة بالغة لأنه يبعد سنين ضوئية عنا ؟ و الصورة اللتي نلتقطها له بالمسبار الكوني تكون انعاكس لتحركه و يكون ربما غادر هذا المكان من ألوف السنين ؟!
    و يقف العلم عاجزا أيضا عن التفسير ؟!!!!!!!!
    هذة عصارة ما تحدث عنه هوكينج في التصميم العظيم مرورا بالأساطير اليونانية القديمة و كلاسيكيات إسحاق نيوتن و ميكانيكا الكم و نسبية إينشتين و نظرية فاينمان و الإنفجار الكبير و الثقب الأسود و السوبر نوفا و النظرية إم ؟!

    __ الرجل بعدما دحض أي إمكانية لقدرة العقل البشري علي التعرف علي كيفية نشأة الكون أو حتي إدراك الذرة أو المجرة بأبعاد الحياة اليومية من زمان و مكان و شكل و جيوديسية و بعد أثبت الدقة المتناهية في تصميم الكون العظيم أراد أن يخبرنا أن كل هذا بدأ بشكل تلقائي هكذا محض صدفة النظام المحكم كله يجب أن نصدق أن محكم هكذا تلقائيا أو بمحض الصدفة و لكن أن نعتقد أن ثمة خالق عليم عظيم قدير هو من سن نواميسه هو فكر يعبر عن النقص البشري ؟!
    كوكب الأرض الوحيد المؤهل للحياة بمحض الصدفة و الماء يتكون من عنصرين من المواد المشتعلة و المساعدة علي الإشتعال و لا يشتعل أيضا بشكل تلقائي ضربة حظ بوووووووم بيج بانج و هكذا بدأ الكون ؟!

    أنصح بتسمية هذا الكتاب ((( مصفوفة الفوضي تصنع الكون ))))
    و ليس التصميم العظيم
    :)

    التقييم يمتد ل ٣ نجوم نجمة للمترجم و الثانية لدار التنوير علي الطبعة الرائعة و الثالثة لكم المعلومات الدسم بالكتاب
    و السلام عليكم :)

  • Erik Graff

    I was given this book as a reward for helping a friend pick up and deliver newly purchased furniture. As is the case with most such gifts, I began to read it immediately.

    I was almost immediately turned off by the text owing to an extraordinary display of ignorance on the part of the authors and the editors, a mistake appearing in the first few pages in their lead-up to what is supposed to be a survey of the history of physics as germinated in Ionian philosophy. Here they note in passing that writing was first employed around 7000 BCE. In fact, so far as we've evidence, writing first appeared about 6000 years ago, in Sumer in approximately 4000 BCE.

    To make matters worse the authors go on glibly to dismiss philosophy as defunct--not too surprising as their review of it doesn't display much familiarity with the discipline.

    Beyond this, I found the jokes peppering this slim volume condescending yet sophomoric, unfunny and far too frequent.

    As regards the physics, I'm hardly qualified the judge, lacking as I do the background in mathematics and research physics to evaluate their positions. However, as someone with some background in philosophy and in the history of science, I find nothing original in their M theory business, such contextualization being rather old hat.

    There are many fine books written for generalists which attempt to explain modern cosmology and microphysics. This is not one of them.

  • Shaun

    Once again, I am awed and blown away by the f'ing awesomeness of the universe, and it struck me how presumptuous many of us are considering our insignificance in the grand scope of things.

    I have two science based degrees, but Physics was never my strong suit, and I'd be lying if I said everything in his book made perfect sense. On the flip side, I had several light bulb moments, which is always nice.

    Among other things, Hawking makes a few great points particularly about the essence of "reality."

    And this passage below, which touches on free will, intrigued me.

    How can one tell if a being has free will? If one encounters an alien, how can one tell if it is just a robot or it has a mind of its own? The behavior of a robot would be completely determined, unlike that of a being with free will. Thus one could in principle detect a robot as a being whose actions can be predicted. As we said in Chapter 2, this may be impossibly difficult if the being is large and complex. We cannot even solve exactly the equations for three or more particles interacting with each other. Since an alien the size of a human would contain about a thousand trillion trillion particles even if the alien were a robot, it would be impossible to solve the equations and predict what it would do. We would therefore have to say that any complex being has free will--not as a fundamental feature, but as an effective theory, an admission of our inability to do the calculation that would enable us to predict its actions.

    So basically free will is an illusion, but given our inability to tease out all the complex biological processes that contribute to behavior, it is a good working theory for practical purposes. Thought this was an interesting way of looking at it.

    Worthy book, well written, and as good an attempt as any to simplify some very complex topics.

  • Jill

    STEPHEN HAWKING WRITES VERY CLEARLY.

    That's like the big glaring thing I need to express with this review. Are you worried you won't understand science because it's dense and dry and has diagrams instead of pictures? This is the book for you, then -- short, succinct, full-colour, and most importantly: clearly explained. The concepts here are intense and heady, but Hawking (and Mlodinow) write about them in a way you can actually understand.

    The mathematics are lacking, so this is definitely pop-science (and when I tried to explain an experiment referenced to a friend, I realized I wasn't completely sure when or who had conducted it, so..a bibliography would have been nice?). It's like a cosmology buffet: chronologically organized, mostly, from mythology to M-theory, with a sampling of the ideas therein. You'll need to delve further for a real meaty meal, but as appetizers: this shit is high-class. I don't know that I loved it, but it did express wacko concepts in a way a layman can grasp, and if that's all it set out to do: kudos & job well done.

    Also the Fibonacci spirals at the end of each chapter kind of made my life ngl <3

  • معاذ

    اشتريت الكتاب لأني بحب أقرأ مقالات متنوعة منها العلمية واللي بتتعلق بالكون ، وكمان بشاهد أفلام وثائقية تتعلق بنفس الموضوع .
    بس أنك تقرأ كتاب وتغوص في نظريات الفيزياء والرياضيات وعلم الأكوان، راح تكون قرأتك بطيئة وصعبة شوي . الكتاب بيحكي عن عدة نظريات تتعلق بنشوء الكون والنسبية، ويذكر الكتاب بعض الخرافات القديمة من الشعوب البدائية في الأرض.
    الكتاب جيد بناءً على استيعابي أنا وكذلك التقيم