| Title | : | Birds |
| Author | : | |
| Rating | : | |
| ISBN | : | 0198721773 |
| ISBN-10 | : | 9780198721772 |
| Language | : | Greek, Ancient (to 1453) |
| Format Type | : | Paperback |
| Number of Pages | : | 552 |
| Publication | : | First published January 1, 415 |
Birds Reviews
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Όρνιθες = The Birds: a comedy, Aristophanes
Aristophanes (Born: c. 446 BC, Athens, Greece, Died (c. 386 BC, Delphi, Greece), son of Philippus, was a comic playwright or comedy-writer of ancient Athens.
The Birds is a comedy by the Ancient Greek playwright Aristophanes. It was performed in 414 BC at the City Dionysia in Athens where it won second place.
Characters: Pisthetairos, Euelpides, Hoopoe
Birds is one of the Aristophanes' masterpieces, for its imaginative plot, and it is charming and original lyrics.
The play begins with two middle-aged men stumbling across a hillside wilderness, guided by a pet crow and a pet jackdaw.
One of them advises the audience that they are fed up with life in Athens, where people do nothing all day but argue over laws, and they are looking for Tereus, a king who was once metamorphosed into the Hoopoe, for they believe he might help them find a better life somewhere else.
Just then, a very large and fearsome bird emerges from a camouflaged bower, demanding to know what they are up to and accusing them of being bird-catchers.
He turns out to be the Hoopoe's servant. They appease him and he returns indoors to fetch his master. Moments later the Hoopoe himself appears—a not very convincing bird who attributes his lack of feathers to a severe case of moulting.
He is happy to discuss their plight with them and meanwhile one of them has a brilliant idea—the birds, he says, should stop flying about like idiots and instead should build themselves a great city in the sky, since this would not only allow them to lord it over men, it would also enable them to blockade the Olympian gods in the same way that the Athenians had recently starved the island of Melos into submission.
The Hoopoe likes the idea and he agrees to help implement it, provided of course that the two Athenians can first convince all the other birds.
He calls to his wife, the Nightingale, and bids her to begin her celestial music. The notes of an unseen flute swell through the theatre and meanwhile the Hoopoe provides the lyrics, summoning the birds of the world from their different habitats—birds of the fields, mountain birds and birds of the trees, birds of the waterways, marshes and seas.
These soon begin to appear and each of them is identified by name on arrival. Four of them dance together while the rest form into a Chorus. ...
تاریخ نخستین خوانش روز دوازده نوامبر سال2011میلادی
عنوان: پرندگان (مجموعه کمدیهای آریستوفان)؛ نویسنده آریستوفان؛ مترجم: رضا شیرمرز؛ تهران، قطره، سال1388؛ در112 ص؛ شابک9789643419400؛ چاپ دوم سال1392؛ چاپ سوم سال1393؛ موضوع نمایشنامه های نویسندگان یونان - سده 5پیش از میلاد
عنوان: کمدی پرندگان؛ نویسنده: آریستوفان؛ مترجم: عطاالله کوپال؛ تهران، نیلا، سال1378؛ در110ص؛ شابک9646900046؛
آریستوفان در سال چهارصدوچهل و پنج پیش از میلاد به دنیا آمدند، پدر ایشان «فیلیپوس» نام داشت، و در «آئیگینا» می‌زیسته است؛ تولد و دوران جوانی ایشان، همزمان با اوج قدرت «پریکلس»، پایه گذار دموکراسی «آتن» بود؛ در اینباره، که «آریستوفان»، اصالتاً «آتنی» بوده باشد، تردید وجود دارد، و شاید همین امر سبب گردید، تا مدتی نتواند کمدیهایش را، با نام راستین خود به نمایش بگذارد؛ «آریستوفان» پسری به نام «آراروس» داشت، که بعدها شغل پدر را دنبال کرد، و دو نمایشنامهٔ آخر «آریستوفان» را، ایشان به نمایش گذاشت؛ سال درگذشت «آریستوفان» را سال385پیش از میلاد، یاد کرده اند؛ از مجموع آثار ایشان که بیش و کم چهل و چهار نمایشنامه بوده، دوازده کمدی کامل، و قطعاتی پراکنده به دست آمده است؛ این آثار عبارتند از: «آشارنی‌ها (425پ.م)»، «قهرمانان یا نجیب زاده‌ها (424پ.م)»، «کمدی صلح (421پ.م)»، «ابرها (423پ.م)»، «پرندگان (414پ.م)»، «لیستراتا (411پ.م)»، «قورباغه‌ها (405پ.م)»، «زنبورها (422پ.م)»، «مجمع زنان (392پ.م)»؛ «تسموفوریازوس (410پ.م)»، «آکلزوسیازس (391پ.م)» و «پلوتوس (388پ.م)»؛
نمایشنامه ی «پرندگان» را؛ «آریستوفان» کمدی نویس نامدار «یونان»، با نگرشی انتقادی درباره ی حکومتگران «آتن»، بنوشته است؛ در این نمایشنامه، دو شهروند «آتنی»، که از جنگ‌های طاقت‌فرسای «آتن» با «اسپارت»، خسته شده اند، برای بناکردن شهری آرمانی، به سرزمین پرندگان آمده اند، تا آنها را به جای «زئوس»، و دیگر ایزدان «یونانی»، بر مسند قدرت بنشانند؛ «آریستوفان»، این اثر را با استفاده از اندیشه ی پرواز، در اساطیر «یونانی»، به نمایش می‌گذارند؛ و...؛
دو شهروند «آتنی» با نام‌های «اِوِلپیذیس» و «پیسثِتِرُس» از زندگی ملالت‌بار در «آتن» به ستوه آمده اند، این دو «آتنی» به نزد «هدهُد» می‌روند، و طرح تأسیس جامعه ای را ارائه می‌کنند؛ «هُدهُد»، پیشنهادهایی می‌دهد، که «اِوِلپیذیس» آنها را رد می‌کند؛ سپس «هُدهُد» به آنها پیشنهاد زندگی با پرندگان را می‌دهد؛ «پیسثِتِرُس» که ساکت بود، از حکومت پرندگان بر دنیا سخن می‌گوید؛ «هُدهُد» گروه همسرایان را فرا می‌خواند، و شمار بسیاری پرنده، از سراسر جهان وارد می‌شوند؛ پرندگان از حضور دو «آتنی» خشمگین هستند و می‌خواهند چشمان آن دو را از حدقه درآورند؛ «هُدهُد» آنها را آرام می‌کند، و از آنها می‌خواهد، تا به پیشنهاد «پیسثِتِرُس» گوش بسپارند؛ «پیسثِتِرُس» می‌گوید، که پرندگان، پیش از خدایان «اُلیمپُس»، حاکم بر جهان بوده اند، و در صورت همدلی با او و دوستش، فرمانروا��ی پیشین خود را، دوباره به دست می‌آورند؛ پرندگان، از این طرح پشتیبانی می‌کنند، و دو «آتنی» به همراه «هُدهُد» به بیشه‌زار می‌روند، تا به ریزه کاریهای طرح بیندیشند؛ پس از اجرای قطعه «پاراواسیس» درباره ستایش «پروکنی» و «هُدهُد»، مبدأ تاریخ از دیدگاه پرندگان، خدمات پرندگان به بشریت، مزایای زندگی با پرندگان و...؛ «پیسثِتِرُس» و «اولپیدوس» بالدار از بیشه‌زار بیرون می‌آیند و آرمان‌شهر خود را بنا می‌نهند؛ نام آن شهر «نفلوکوکیگیا» است
تاریخ بهنگام رسانی 30/01/1400هجری خورشیدی؛ 05/09/1400هجری خورشیدی؛ ا. شربیانی -
A classic comedy that makes you think, without being too tiring to read or too heavy on the message that it wants to get through.
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When a play from the 5th century BC has themes that still speak to us, it is proof that it is successful!
A comic critique of society, laws, and ultimately living together. -
Nephelococcygia, a metropolis in air,
Zeus' cloudy nightmare,
Unlikely a bedroom scare
From a sparrow’s wild rare.
A respite between heaven and earth,
“An avian heaven”, says Pisthetaerus,
Flirting with the nightingale’s mirth
Hoopoe consents ; what a fucking putz!
Sacred chants float over the lustral waters,
The birds join the jubilant choir,
The peacock dancing in a tutu simply backfires,
It’s not an ass-whooping Le Ballet Noir!
The pelican, the spoon-bill, the horned-owl, the teal, the stormy petrel and the titmouse,
Solemnized the laws of the land,
Harboring the Olympians grouse,
I rather be chained and canned.
Messiah to Bitch Dependency,
“Birds over bitches!” proclaims a pimp called Slickback,
Pleading for wings is a bitch tendency,
Cloud-cuckoo town- a two-cent hustler.
Rainbows descent on womanly divinity,
“That’s a bitch!” , yelps Slickback,
Iris, messenger of Gods, heart of Zeus’ affinity,
“That bitch’s gonna fuck y’all".
Perching on twigs, the birds laud the forgotten heroes,
A choral interlude, a cry for pigeons,
Howl the pigeons preening their Afros,
“You came to the wrong neighborhood, motherfucking wigeons!”
A cry of an amateur,
Verses may not rationally click
Least an award clincher,
I care a fuck ; I just blasted a stick! -
خوب بود .در مجموغ یک جور رسالة‌الطیر بود در قالب کمدی.
مشابهت‌های بسیاری با آثار فارسی تولید شده در حوزه‌های تمثیلی مرتبط با پرنده‌ها داشت. -
Aslında Aristophanes'in Türkiye İş Bankası tarafından yayımlanan kitabını satın almak istemiştim; ancak en merak ettiğim oyun olan "Bulutlar"ı kitapta göremediğim için Mitos Boyut'u tercih ettim.
Kuşlar, aslında bir ütopya.
http://www.bued.boun.edu.tr/turik.asp... linkinden okuduğum kadarıyla Sicilya seferi öncesinde Tanrıların heykellerinin tahrip edilmiş ve bunun da uğursuzluk getirdiği inancı yerleşmiş. Buna sebebiyet verdikleri gerekçesiyle pek çok düşünür öldürülmüş. Oyun da Atina'daki bu tür problemlerden kurtulmak için kuşların ülkesine, bir ütopyaya, göç eden iki arkadaşı anlatıyor.
Oyunda dönemin Atinasını, iktidarı, yargıyı eleştiren pek çok kısım var. Örneğin, "...yine de ülkemizden ayrılıyoruz. Ülkemizi sevmediğimizden mi? Yoo! Kim böylesine mutlu ve güzel bir kenti sevmez? İstediğin kadar para harca, bol bol vergi ve ceza öde. Ağustos böcekleri dallarda bir iki ay ötüp dururlar. Atinalılar ise insanı ömür boyu öttürürler. Nasıl mı? Mahkemelerle, tahkikatlarla... İşte bu yüzden yola çıktık" (s.8). İşte bu tür sebeplerden ötürü daha iyi bir ülke bulma amacıyla Pistetairos ve Euelpides yola çıkıyor ve buluyorlar da. Bu iki arkadaşın yerleştikleri kuşlar ülkesi ile Aristophanes özlem duyduğu ülkeyi anlatıyor olsa gerek. "Aranızda mutlu bir yaşam sürmek isteyen varsa bizimle gelsin. Bizim aramızda ayıp diye günah diye bir şey yoktur. Kuşlar yaptığınız her şeyi hoş görürler" (s.31). Bunun haricinde bu yeni ülkede kuşlar Tanrılara daha az adak adıyorlar, onlar için daha az şey kurban ediyorlar ve bu durum da Tanrıları çok rahatsız ediyor, iktidarlarını zedeliyor. Bu ülkede Tanrıların egemenliğinden ziyade ülkenin kuşlarının hüküm sürmesi isteniyor.
Bulutlar, Sokrates'i ölüme götüren oyun olarak zihnimde yer etmiş bir oyun. Sokrates'in bu oyun sonrasında ölüm cezasına mahkûm edildiği söylenir.
Gelenekçi bir yapıya sahip Aristophanes, Sokrates'i sofistlerle bir tutar ve onun birtakım ahlâk kurallarını, gelenekleri yıktığından, inançları sarstığından bahisle Sokrates'i yerden yere vurur. Bu oyun da tam anlamıyla bunun üzerine kurulu. Mahkemede borçlarını ödemekten kurtulmak isteyen Strepsiades kendisini mahkemede savunmak için oğlunun Sokrates'ten ders almasını ister. Başta oğlu kabul etmeyince kendi ders almaya gider; fakat pek başarılı olmaz. Bunun üzerine yeniden oğlunun Sokrates'ten eğitim almasına uğraşır ve bu sefer başarılır olur; ancak aldığı oğlunun eğitimin ne kadar "kötü ve yıkıcı" bir etkiye sahip olduğunu sonradan anlar. Bunun üzerine de Sokrates'in evini ateşe verir.
Oyun boyunca Sokrates, sofistlerle bir tutulur. Haklı çıkmak için, karşı tarafı ikna etmek için her türlü şeyi dener. Bu uğurda ahlâk kurallarını da yok sayar Tanrıları da. Hatta yağmuru Zeus'un yağdırmadığını, kasırga ile birlikte bulutların yağdırdığını bile iddia eder!
Özellikle felsefe meraklılarının okuması gereken bir oyun olduğunu düşünüyorum. -
I liked this - a strange and nebulous atmosphere
As two buffoon-clowns organise a biosphere,
An Avian Kingdom high up in the stratosphere.
Apparently this parodies the Sicilian sphere;
I couldn’t see that myself, but if it’s true I fear
That it proved to be prophetic in the coming year.
For the war was lost for Athens in that fateful year,
And the sharp decline of Hellas became über-clear. -
Must have gotten a good translation on this because I enjoyed and understood the play much more then I thought I would.
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bukowski nel 300 ac
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A gdyby tak rzucić to wszystko i zamieszkać z ptakami (może być w Bieszczadach)?
"Ptaki" to kolejny utwór Arystofanesa, uchodzący za "arcydzieło komedii staroattyckiej", który (mea culpa) przeczytałam bez większego zainteresowania. Autor był gorliwym obrońcą pokoju i konserwatystą, czego wyraz chętnie dawał w swoich dziełach. W "Ptakach" znajdziemy jego wizję idealnego państwa, w którym nie znajdziemy żadnych wróżbitów, komisarzy ani sofistów z ich szkodliwymi naukami. Super, ja też marzę o państwie, w którym nie będzie niepasujących mi elementów politycznych. I to by było na tyle, bo to myślenie wyłącznie życzeniowe. -
Masterful translation of a witty play. I'm not sure of the meaning of the play, but I can see where elements of low humor today were birthed in ancient times. I appreciated the translator's notes and glossary. They explained many obscure [to us] references--cultural and topical in Aristophanes' day. I read this to compare it with Braunfels' treatment of the story in his opera "Die Vögel" based on the same play.
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من خصومت شخصيم با آريستوفان رفع نشده اما علت اينكه بسى لذت از اين كتاب بردم اينكه به شدت ياد مدينه فاضله عطار و منطق الطير نماد شخصيتى پرندگان و بالخصوص هدهد افتادم!!
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First attempts are often weak.
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très rigolo car un personnage s'appelle troudeballe mais sinon j'ai rien compris, qui peut m'expliquer svp j'ai ds dessus genre demain en culture antique
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This play was occasionally amusing but overall feels a bit dated. Much of the humor seemed like it might have been more funny when it came out back in ‘14.
I mean 414.
BC.
Of the Ancient Greek Plays That Are Important for Every Well-educated Person to Read, this would surely fall into the 2nd tier. Maybe the third.
I did appreciate hearing the original use of the term “cloud-cuckoo-land” though. -
Incredibly badass of Aristophanes to create both “cloud-cuckoo-land” (Νεφ��λοκοκκυγία) and “bat out of hell”¹ (“κᾆτ᾽ ἀνῆλθ᾽ αὐτῷ κάτωθεν / πρὸς τὸ λαῖτμα τῆς καμήλου / Χαιρεφῶν ἡ νυκτερίς,”
1562-4) in the same play.
There have been quite a few translations of Ὂρνιθες over the years. I’ll only include those in English, of which the first was in the early 19th century. I’ll list most of them here: John Hookham Frere (1839), William James Hickie (1853), Benjamin Bickley Rogers (1924), Arthur S. Way (1934), Eugene O’Neill Jr. (1938), Wilfrid Oldaker (1953), Dudley Fitts (1957), William Arrowsmith (1962), David B. Barrett (1978), Alan H. Sommerstein (1987), Nan Dunbar (1995), Peter Meineck (1998), George Theodoridis (2002), J. Henderson (2002), Ian C. Johnston (2008), Paul Roche (2005), Stephen Halliwell (2009). Of course this is not all of them, but it is what I consider to be a representative sampling of English-language translations throughout the past couple of centuries.
My personal recommendation would be Nan Dunbar’s 1995 scholarly edition (or the abridged 1997 student edition), which took her nearly 40 years to complete and is most notable for its comprehensive ornithological commentary. Dunbar’s is not a translation per se, so in terms of completely English-language versions I would recommend William Arrowsmith’s for the layperson. The translations by Benjamin Bickley Rogers and Alan H. Sommerstein are also good if you’re not looking for a purely academic version.
¹Arguably. The earliest reference to the phrase I could find is from 1895 (as “bat out o’ hell”) from the American newspaper
Evening Star. An entry in the book
Dialect Notes, published between 1890-1912 (that’s not me being vague—the book is a collection of data from between those years), defines the adverbial phrase: “Very quickly. ‘Once all the bats were confined in Hell. They still have wings like the Devil. One day some one left the gate open and they quickly darted out and escaped to earth’” (p. 399). The phrase is sourced as being from the Northwest Arkansas region. -
I've read this as a play concerning the innate human craving for something better, a craving which can never be fully satiated, which could be taken as a satire for the Athenian desire for conquering (which always leads to war and destruction) and for always inventing new forms of political expression (which often results in people feeling lost and overwhelmed). I've enjoyed the talk about Eros, the lust that is inherently present in all of the characters. Just as an example, after Peisthetaerus and his friend establish Cloud-cuckoo-land, a patricide appears and states the following: "I’m in love with the laws of the Birds. I’m batty about the birds and I’m all in a flutter of desire to live with you, and I want your nomoi!”. Similarly, Kinesias says: “Because of Eros I flutter heavenwards of light wings”. And the link between politics and eroticism/passion is brought to its paroxysm in the end of the play when Peisthetaerus marries Basileia and establishes himself as a tyrant deity who is not necessarily creating a utopia since the wedding feast includes some roasted jailbirds. However, in comparison to other plays such as Lysistrata or the Assembly of Women, I found this play less comical and less enjoyable overall. This might be a masterpiece of political satire, but for me it proved a little too allegorical and difficult to follow than other plays.
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Have you considered replacing your gods with birds? They're never far away - in some tree or bush - and while Zeus demands the sacrifice of a whole animal, you can appease birds with only a few grains of wheat. Also, they will give you wings (unless your reasons for wanting the wings are ridiculous. Then no. Obviously.) But what's really amazing is that many of Aristophanes' jokes are still funny over 2,400 years later.
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Skip this comedy and read Lysistrata instead would be my last word for it. This one gets 2 thumbs down.
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Social satire meets bawdy farce. Cloudcuckooland is appropriately full of the tittle tattle of religion, politics, philosophy, poetry.
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I read the George Theodoridis translation available here:
http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PI...
The only drawback to reading this version is that there are no annotations. It's a pretty accessible translation, so I understood most of it anyway, but I'd like to read an annotated version eventually, to see what I might have missed.
My favorite Aristophanes is still
Lysistrata (I think I read the Lattimore translation) but this was fascinating. It's less explicitly political than
Lysistrata, but very whimsical and imaginative. When I read
Reason and Persuasion: Three Dialogues By Plato: Euthyphro, Meno, Republic Book I earlier this year, the author had a great description of this play (in connection with the "ring of Gyges" story in Plato's Republic):
"A pair of idiots find themselves in the country of birds, where, to save their skins, they end up feathered and winged, organizing the birds into a political power. They start a bird-centric religion. The newly self-confident birds build a mighty fortress, Cloud Cuckooland, between the human world and Olympus... the gifts humans give the gods -- vaguely conceived of as aromas rising up out of the fires -- are embargoed. A deputation of Olympians (and one Thracian god, who can't speak Greek, or get his clothes on straight) come to Cuckooland on a diplomatic mission. They need this stuff they are used to getting from mortals on a regular basis!...
Also, when the humans-turned-birds find their new condition convenient, they reflect on why this is so. If you have powers no ordinary mortals do -- in this case, flight -- they can't touch you. Obviously you will get up to all sorts of unethical stuff, if there is no threat of punishment..." -
"PEISTHETAERUS: The Air's betwixt the Earth and the Sky.
And just as we, if we go to Pytho,
Must crave a grant of passage from the Boeotia,
Even so, when men slay victims to the Gods,
Unless the Gods pay tribute, ye in turn
Will grant no passage for the savoury steam
To rise through Chaos, and a realm not theirs."
The Birds is another one of my all-time favorites from Aristophanes, ranking amongst plays such as The Clouds and The Frogs- it simply is an imaginative work of art to behold compared to the more "blah" plays that come from this playwright. I can definitely understand why this one is a well-known play amongst the Greek dramas.
In this play, two men encounter a community of birds and decide that they want to make a man-bird city between the sky and the earth, mainly so that they can provide more civilized representation for the birds. While this sounds like a ludicrous idea, Aristophanes pulls it off very well while providing his usual sense of wit. Additonally, I also learned much about the significance of birds in Greek society in relation to the gods- I'd call that pretty important.
I honestly can't say that I've read a play with such a far-out plot, but I think it's safe to say that Aristophanes was a very... imaginative person. The Birds simply is a top-notch represenation of this creative threshold and one that I would definitely categorize as an essential Greek comedy. -
I read William Arrowsmith's translation of this, and I enjoyed it more than I would have thought. I found myself drifting, as I often do with classical works that don't translate well into modern English, but Arrowsmith did a splendid job not only of translating it but also explaining his reasons for translating, giving very interesting insight into the process that I haven't had before. I had always thought that language translation was literal and word-for-word, requiring the translator basically to have a thorough knowledge of both languages and just substituting, but that's not it at all (and I should have known better). Arrowsmith has to sometimes reshape entire packages and create new wordplay to replace the old that wouldn't have translated from Greek to English, and endnotes detail each one. Were I reading this for class and actually pressuring myself to pay more attention to it, I would have found his endnotes endlessly helpful. Since I had no such accountability here, however, I must say that my constant drifting rendered them insightful, at best. I would say it's an entertaining read, and certainly not as opaque as you might fear, but as far as its relevance for me as a reader, I'm not sure.
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Hihetetlen az, hogy ha az ember figyelemmel olvassa (és ebben nagy segítség Arany jegyzetei) még ma is mennyire éles és szórakoztató egy Arisztophanész-komédia. Tele az akkori athéni emberek kifigurázásával, nagyravágyásának kifordításával. Ezt a "happy-end"-szerű véget elsőnek nem értettem, illetve olyan lecsapottnak éreztem, aztán rájöttem, hogy végletesen nyomasztó az ami ennek a komédiának a vége. Ha az ember istent játszik végzetesebb sors vár a halandókra mint gondolnánk és mint láthattuk az egész dráma közben...
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Die Vögel hat mich nicht so begeistert. Der Anfang fand ich recht witzig, aber mit der Zeit wurde es immer verwirrender und am Ende kam ich gar nicht mehr wirklich draus. Laut den Bewertungen hier wäre wohl eine Ausgabe mit Fussnoten besser gewesen - mit dem richtigen historischen Kontext soll das Stück sehr satirisch und modern sein.
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Διάβασα την ανανεωμένη έκδοση αυτού του πονήματος από τις Πανεπιστημιακές Εκδόσεις Κρήτης, που κυκλοφόρησε μόλις πέρυσι. Η μετάφραση είναι ακριβέστατη (αντιπαρίσταται στο αρχαίο κείμενο), αλλά την παράσταση ‘κλέβουν’ τα σχόλια που είναι εξαιρετικά! Μακάρι να υπήρχαν τέτοιες εκδόσεις και για τις άλλες κωμωδίες του Αριστοφάνη.
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A bird city is built between men and the gods, and thereby everyone, man and god alike are humbled.
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Like most of Aristophanes' plays this is extremely odd - but quite amusing. I would recommend reading up on it before attempting the text!
