The Babylonian Legends of the Creation and the Fight Between Bel and the Dragon by E.A. Wallis Budge


The Babylonian Legends of the Creation and the Fight Between Bel and the Dragon
Title : The Babylonian Legends of the Creation and the Fight Between Bel and the Dragon
Author :
Rating :
ISBN : -
Language : English
Format Type : Kindle Edition
Number of Pages : 132
Publication : First published January 1, 1921

The baked clay tablets and portions of tablets which describe the views and beliefs of the Babylonians and Assyrians about the Creation were discovered by Mr. (later Sir) A.H. Layard, Mormuzd Rassam and George Smith, Assistant in the Department of Oriental Antiquities in the British Museum. They were found among the ruins of the Palace and Library of Ashur-bani-pal (B.C. 668-626) at Ḳuyûnjiḳ (Nineveh), between the years 1848 and 1876. Between 1866 and 1870, the great "find" of tablets and fragments, some 20,000 in number, which Rassam made in 1852, was worked through by George Smith, who identified many of the historical inscriptions of Shalmaneser II, Tiglath-Pileser III, Sargon II, Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, and other kings mentioned in the Bible, and several literary compositions of a legendary character, fables, etc. In the course of this work he discovered fragments of various versions of the Babylonian Legend of the Deluge, and portions of several texts belonging to a work which treated of the beginning of things, and of the Creation. In 1870, Rawlinson and Smith noted allusions to the Creation in the important tablet K.63, but the texts of portions of tablets of the Creation Series at that time available for study were so fragmentary that it was impossible for these scholars to find their correct sequence. During the excavations which Smith carried out at Ḳuyûnjiḳ in 1873 and 1874 for the proprietors of the Daily Telegraph and the Trustees of the British Museum, he was, he tells us, fortunate enough to discover "several fragments of the Genesis Legends." In January, 1875, he made an exhaustive search among the tablets in the British Museum, and in the following March he published, in the Daily Telegraph (March 4th), a summary of the contents of about twenty fragments of the series of tablets describing the creation of the heavens and the earth. In November of the same year he communicated to the Society of Biblical Archaeology1 copies of:--(1) the texts on fragments of the First and Fifth Tablets of Creation; (2) a text describing the fight between the "Gods and Chaos"; and (3) a fragmentary text which, he believed, described the Fall of Man. In the following year he published translations of all the known fragments of the Babylonian Creation Legends in his "Chaldean Account of Genesis" (London, 1876, 8vo, with photographs). In this volume were included translations of the Exploits of Gizdubar (Gilgamish), and some early Babylonian fables and legends of the gods.


The Babylonian Legends of the Creation and the Fight Between Bel and the Dragon Reviews


  • Aaron Meyer

    Really enjoyed the opening chapters with all the information that was contained therein. The only thing about the kindle edition I didn't like was the missing photographs. Mainly because the descriptions of the photos were there and weren't very well separated from the main text so as to become annoying. The translation was good but there is alot of missing sections. Since this was such an early translation hopefully we have found the missing pieces to flesh out any newer translations out there. It is a nice introduction for those just coming to the myths.

  • Timothy

    Maybe I should have rated it a 5. The problem is, there are so many lacunae! So, as a story it gets a tad confusing.

    But that's no charge against Budge.

  • Katriena Knights

    Good overview

    Great to have these texts easily available. Electronic format isn't the most accessible presentation and the text suffers from the lack of the referenced illustrative plates.

  • Patrick

    This suffers from being written in 1921, when the volume of translations was very small and the understanding of the context and meaning was incomplete. This beats having nothing, but I suspect there are now more complete versions with better translations.

  • Sarah

    Interesting,

    But requires a good deal of knowledge of the literature in order to be really useful. Not for the beginner

  • Kerry

    The Babylonians/Assyrians/etc fascinate me. That so much is lost and known only in cobbled-together pieces across civilizations is equally fascinating. So much of modern concepts of these cultures is tarred by the accounts of them in the Bible— oversimplified religion, perceived as heathens and awful people. So a fresh look at their beliefs gives new perspective.

  • Alexis Drake

    Non è un testo facilissimo da seguire e da capire, nonostante sia piuttosto breve, però è sicuramente interessante.

  • Ania

    The Babylonian Legends of Creation (1921) was an awesome follow-up to E.A. Wallis Budge's previous short book on the subject of the Great Flood and the Epic of Gilgamish called
    The Babylonian Story of the Deluge(1920). I don't know if somehow my disgruntlement with the lack of maps and illustrations made it back in time to 1921 or if someone re-edited the book, but happily, my edition of Legends of Creation did include both a map and illustrations of different gods and demons.

    What the book is about is several interpretations from different times and regions of the Babylonian story of creation. I believe there is 4 versions in total in there, raging anywhere in time from about 2500Bc to 600AD. Bossus' and the version on 7 tablets found at Nineveh were my favourites.

    description An image of Marduk killing Tiamat.
    In general, the story is as follows. The primordial serpentine (draconian) goddess Tiamat, along with her partner Apsu created all. If you ask me it's prolly mostly Tiamat, for after Apsu is killed, she goes on creating without a problem. They sort of exist in primordial waters (some say Apsu IS that primordial water... elsewhere I heared it was Tiamat's womb waters etc etc). In those waters exist many of their undifferentiated creations, or what Babylonians called demons. They would probably appear as abominations to the humans then, Men/women combos, beings of multiple-mixtures of animals and humans. From that primordial soup human-looking gods arise, and to them, a champion: god Marduk (or Enlil/Bel in other versions). Marduk kills Tiamat and fashions the world out of her body that keeps the primordial waters out.
    description
    Out of the blood of Kingu (Tiamat's ally) and some clay he fashions humans to serve his buddies, the gods. Out of her allies in battle he creates the constellations that pin half of Tiamat's body to the sky.
    [image error]

  • D

    Great research

    - Quote: "There was a time in which there existed nothing but darkness and an abyss of waters, wherein resided most hideous beings, which were produced on a two-fold principle. There appeared men, some of whom were furnished with two wings, others with four, and with two faces. They had one body but two heads; the one that of a man, the other of a woman; and likewise in their several organs both male and female."
    - Thoughts: It is a clarifying experience to find that so many roots of modern religions are nothing more than heritage of older, blasphemous and heretic.
    Also, Thiamat's campaign against the gods is pretty cool, she was a really badass goddess back in her time. I should get a T-shirt with her someday.
    ▶◀
    These are my personal opinions, you may discord, my final rating of the book is not necessarily linked to this system and may diverge from it.
    Real life research
    - Development: 4/5 stars
    - Research: 5/5 stars
    - Enjoyment: 4/5 stars
    - Writing stile: 4/5 stars
    - Translations: 3/5 stars
    - Violence level: Ancient gods battles, mention of human sacrifice (real)
    - Tech level: Babylon and Assiria
    - Religion level: It's a real religion research
    - Main genre: Research
    - Subgenre: Religion
    - Best of it: The author shows different pieces of the same legend, each from different sources, giving us a broader picture of the real faith of those ancient people.
    - Worst of it: No pictures in this old format ebook, some tablets and cylinder seals described can be easily found in Google, some others I could not be sure to get the right one, maps would also be helpful, lots of maps
    - Aftertaste: It's like lettuce, it is good if you have a taste for it
    World
    - Real world (Y/N): sure
    - Main scenario: Ancient Mesopotamia, museums
    Setting
    - Historical importance: 5/5 Stars
    - Historical deep: 5/5 Stars
    - Historical score: 5/5 Stars
    - Geopolitical importance: 5/5 Stars
    - Geopolitical variety: 5/5 Stars
    - Geopolitical score: 5/5 Stars
    - Setting overall score: 5/5 Stars
    - About the setting: Great real life research

  • Adam Smith

    Creation stories are always interesting. There is a lot that can be learnt from history. Shame that parts of the narrative have been lost over the years.

    Worth reading.

  • Susan Alvarado

    Very interesting read. Incredible that we are able to have a peek into a culture from thousands of years ago

  • Frans Kempe

    This edition is missing the pictures which makes alot of the material a bit unclear.

  • Sieglinde

    Interesting

  • Lisa James

    Quite fascinating! I used this small booklet as a reference for a research paper I wrote this year.

  • RamonIV

    A good translation, easier to read than the more popular L W King translation.

  • Jordi Polo Carres

    Muy interesante la primera mitad donde resume y explica las tablas.
    La segunda mitad que son la transcripcion de las tablas es de menos interes a no ser que se sea un estudioso del tema.