| Title | : | Brave New World Revisited |
| Author | : | |
| Rating | : | |
| ISBN | : | 0060898526 |
| ISBN-10 | : | 9780060898526 |
| Language | : | English |
| Format Type | : | Paperback |
| Number of Pages | : | 123 |
| Publication | : | First published November 1, 1958 |
Brave New World Revisited Reviews
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This book is a small political essay that is just as relevant today as it was at the time of its writing (1958), some twenty-five years after the publication of Huxley’s masterpiece. What the author is trying to do here is to assess the validity of his novel’s predictions, about the socio-political situation of the 1950s and forward. Interestingly, Huxley also compares his predictions with that of Orwell’s
1984.
Huxley mainly focuses on two significant problems of our present time: overpopulation and over-organization or “Will to Order”, i.e. the control — and even despotism — of “Big Business” and “Big Government” over the whole of society, and the subsequent waning of individual freedom, creativity and happiness. But how these big controlling powers are expressed in Brave New World is almost the opposite of that of 1984: “In 1984 the lust for power is satisfied by inflicting pain, in Brave New World, by inflicting a hardly less humiliating pleasure.” (p. 34).
Essentially, Brave New World depicts a society where power is exerted in the most despotic way, by feeding the people an evolved version of the Romans’ panis et circenses (feelies and orgy-porgy). This is an entirely accurate description of our occidental civilisation, ruled under the vast mass communication networks (TV and the Internet), manipulated in many ways as instruments of conditioning and as social intoxicants. Huxley provides a few — sometimes humorous — insights into our present political situation, by analysing the use of propaganda technology under the Nazi regime, in part inspired by the indoctrination machinery of the Holy Office in earlier times, and in part inherited by the advertisement industry in later times.
Today’s populist politicians use the same tactics and have the same disdain for honesty and objectivity. In this regard, Huxley’s essay is invaluable to help understand a widespread, mostly non-violent, yet totalitarian, style of government. “A dictatorship, says Huxley, maintains itself by censoring or distorting the facts, and by appealing, not to reason, not to enlightened self-interest, but to passion and prejudice, to the powerful ‘hidden forces’, as Hitler called them, present in the unconscious depth of every human mind.” (p. 63).
Brave New World Revisited can probably be read alongside Wilhelm Reich’s
Listen, Little Man!, Ortega y Gasset’s
La Rebelión de las masas, and even Gilles Deleuze’s essays on the “société de contrôle”. An essential read, not only to put Brave New World in perspective but to understand the world we live in now. -
Authors such as George Orwell, Margaret Atwood and Aldous Huxley scare me. How can these authors who write dystopian fiction or social commentaries 30, 40, even 50 years ago be so accurate in what is going on in today's society? This book is no exception. Huxley is basically summarizing the first book in this collection:
Brave New World of which was published over 15 years before this one. Some quotes that I've extracted from this book which ring true for today are:
"If over-population should drive the underdeveloped countries into totalitarianism, and if these new dictatorships should ally themselves with Russia, then the military position of the United States would become less secure and the preparations for defense and retaliation would have to be intensified."
"In spite of new wonder drugs and better treatment, the physical health of the general population will show no improvement, and may even deteriorate. And along with a decline of average healthiness there may well go a decline in average intelligence."
Huxley compares his work with George Orwell's 1984 and also goes into some scientific philosophy on mind-manipulation and hypnosis.
To me, this book should be in every high school curriculum across the nation. It would give our future generations a foundation to correct what is wrong with our society. -
The creator of one of the key dystopias (although with no less reason "Oh, brave new world" can be considered a utopia) Aldous Huxley returns to his novel. This time not as an author of fiction, but as an essayist, philosopher, futurist. He tries to predict the further development of society by analyzing the ways in which citizens can be deprived of their hard-won freedoms and rights.
Let me remind you that "Oh, Brave New World", written in 1932, stands alone among the cult dystopias of the twentieth century. The social structure described in it is good-natured and benevolent, in comparison with the totalitarian states of Orwell's "1984" or Zamyatin's "We". In it, the deprivation of freedom of citizens occurs not through the whip of repressive measures, but through the carrot of catfish-euphoria — a stimulant, the guaranteed reception of which grants chemical happiness to everyone. "Return to the Brave New World" is not a work of fiction. This philosophical essay was written 26 years after the novel, in it Huxley captures the changes in the world over the years, coming to disappointing conclusions, and predicts the deterioration of the situation in the future.
Today, the book is perceived somewhat old-school, mainly because the vector of public attention has shifted from problems that were more relevant two-thirds of a century ago to new ones. Because technological progress and the development of communications have changed the information space and communication methods. But in general, this is a wonderful quality insightful, intelligent and relevant essay, which now there is no need to read with your eyes, there is an audiobook performed by Igor Knyazev, as always impeccable. Huxley would have appreciated the opportunities given by "books aloud" - after he went blind in his youth in his right eye and the same infection severely damaged his left vision, he was forced to study Braille.
Истина проста - никогда не возвращайся в прежние места
Пропагандисты привязывают высокие идеалы к низшим страстям. Зверства совершаются во имя Господа, а самые циничные взгляды рассматриваются как вопросы религиозных принципов или патриотического долга.
Создатель одной из ключевых антиутопий (хотя с неменьшим основанием "О, дивный новый мир" можно считать утопией) Олдос Хаксли возвращается к своему роману. На сей раз не как автор художественной прозы, но как эссеист, философ, футуролог. Пытается предсказать дальнейшие пути развития общества, анализируя способы, которыми граждан можно лишить с таким трудом завоеванных ими свобод и прав.
Напомню, написанный в 1932 "О, дивный новый мир" стоит особняком в ряду культовых антиутопий ХХ века. Описанное в нем общественное устройство добродушно и благостно, в сравнении с тоталитарными государствами "1984" Оруэлла или замятинским "Мы". В нем лишение граждан свободы происходит посредством не кнута репрессивных мер, но пряника сома-эйфории — стимулятора гарантированный прием которого дарует химическое счастье всем. "Возвращение в Дивный новый мир" - не художественное произведение. Это философское эссе написано через 26 лет после романа, в нем Хаксли фиксирует изменения в мире за прошедшие годы, приходя к неутешительным выводам, и прогнозирует ухудшение ситуации в дальнейшем.
Сегодня книга воспринимается несколько олдскульно, главным образом потому, что вектор общественного внимания сместился от проблем, которые были более актуальными две трети века назад к новым. Потому что технический прогресс и развитие коммуникаций изменили информационное пространство и способы связи. Но в целом это замечательного качества прозорливая, умная и актуальная эссеистика, которую теперь даже нет необходимости читать глазами, есть аудиокнига в исполнении Игоря Князева, как всегда безупречном. Хаксли оценил бы даруемые "книгами вслух" возможности - после того, как ослеп в юности на правый глаз и та же инфекция сильно повредила зрение левого, он вынужден был изучить азбуку Брайля.
Структур��о работа поделена на двенадцать глав, каждая из которых рассматривает отдельный аспект действительности, как с позиций постановки проблемы: угроза перенаселенности, ресурсный коллапс, опасность тоталитаризма, так и с точки зрения способов манипулирования: методы и средства пропаганды в разных общественных формациях, скрытая и явная реклама как способ внушения, промывка мозгов, использование препаратов, влияющих на состояние сознания.
В большинстве это удивительно современные и своевременные вещи, хотя встречаются явные анахронизмы, так например гипнопедия не оправдала возлагаемых на нее в шестидесятые надежд ни как прорывной способ обучения, ни - что в данной ситуации обнадеживает - в качестве способа изменения базовых параметров личности. В той же степени несостоятельным в качестве инструмента манипулирования оказалось подсознательное внушение, которого страшно боялись в девяностые, правда тогда это называлось НЛП.
Значительную роль как в творчестве. так и в личной жизни Хаксли играли вещества, изменяющие состояние сознания. Напомню, ключевую роль в реальности "Дивного нового мира", наряду с генными модификациями, играют препараты, посредством которых корректируется возможное недовольство, внушаются уверенность, радость, спокойствие. Он был адептом лизергиновой кислоты, много экспериментировал с ней - мир тогда не знал о разрушительных для психики последствиях приема этого препарата. Да ведь и умирая от мучительной болезни, он попросил врачей ввести внутримышечно 100 мг ЛСД, те отказались, это сделала жена Олдоса Мария и он умер без мучительных судорог. Потому неудивительна его ода этому препарату, хотя сегодня нельзя слушать ее без скепсиса.
Интересный, актуальный, умный и замечательно простой для восприятия нонфикшн от классика ХХ века. -
Quando comprei este livro, em Abril de 1984, estava convencida de que seria uma sequela do Admirável Mundo Novo. Talvez por entretanto me ter apercebido de que não era o caso, ficou na estante durante todos estes anos (ainda com as páginas por cortar!) até que agora, depois de reler o AMN, decidi que desta vez não escapava.
E ainda bem que o fiz! Apesar de ter sido escrito em 1959 (quase 30 anos depois de AMN), esta colecção de ensaios revelou-se muito interessante, incluindo reflexões sobre diversos aspectos da sociedade, quase sempre com ligação ao AMN, e que continuam muito actuais.
O autor faz também algumas comparações entre AMN e 1984 (publicado em 1949), sobretudo nos primeiros ensaios, considerando que é mais provável que se venha a verificar a sua versão do futuro.
Faz referência a diversos estudos científicos relacionados com a biologia e o comportamento humanos, discutindo como as características intrínsecas do ser humano o podem tornar mais ou menos vulnerável a ser dominado por ditadores ou por pequenos grupos de poder.
Aliás, a política acaba por dominar - subliminarmente ou talvez não - grande parte do texto.
Os ensaios têm os seguintes títulos:
1 - Superpopulação
2 - Quantidade, Qualidade, Moralidade
3 - Super-organização
4 - A Propaganda numa Sociedade Democrática
5 - A Propaganda sob uma Ditadura
6 - A arte de vender
7 - Lavagem de cérebro
8 - Persuasão química
9 - Persuasão subconsciente
10 - Hipnopédia
11 - Educação para a liberdade
12 - Que podemos fazer?
Recomendo (naturalmente, depois de Admirável Mundo Novo). -
A leitura de Admirável Mundo Novo foi fabulosa, mas arrisco a dizer que a leitura do Regresso ao Admirável Mundo Novo foi ainda mais! O ADM já é um livro que nos faz pensar, se gostaríamos de viver ou se nos adaptaríamos à vida naquele mundo controlado de uma forma que parece eficiente. O RAMN faz-nos pensar e reflectir ainda mais, sobre a inspiração, o que levou à escrita da história e à situação em ambas as épocas dos livros e o que se passa nos dias de hoje. Esta distância temporal é intrigante, genial e assustadora ao mesmo tempo e faz-me pensar em qual seria a opinião do AH se vivesse até aos dias de hoje? Será que estamos longe ou perto, como sociedade, de nos tornarmos algo parecido ao mundo do AMN? Ou será que temos a capacidade de mudar de estratégia e evitar a desgraça? Sem resposta obviamente! Só o futuro o dirá, tal como AH também o pensou. É um bom motivo de reflexão, se nos deixamos controlar ou se teremos a capacidade de pensar e decidir por nós próprios... este livro não tem uma história, é uma colecção de ensaios, reflexões que fizeram e ainda fazem todo o sentido nos dias de hoje!
-
= New World Revisited
In this essay, Huxley updates some of the themes explored in his dystopia
Brave New World and considers some other possible developments and embranchements in the future.
The contents :
1) Over-Population / 2) Quantity, Quality, Morality / 3) Over-Organization / 4) Propaganda in a Democratic Society / 5) Propaganda Under a Dictatorship / 6) The Art of Selling / 7) Brainwashing / 8) Chemical Persuasion / 9) Subconscious Persuasion / 10) Hypnopaedia / 11) Education For Freedom / 12) What Can Be Done?
A link to the online text :
https://www.huxley.net/bnw-revisited/
Soundtrack :
Fitter Happier - Radiohead
---------------------
Un complément utile aux mises en gardes déjà présentes dans
Le meilleur des mondes.
Les thèmes :
1) Surpopulation / 2) Quantité, Qualité, Moralité / 3) Excès d'organisation / 4) La propagande dans une société démocratique / 5) La propagande dans une dictature / 6) Comment convaincre le client / 7) le lavage de cerveau / 8) Persuasion chimique / 9) Persuasion subconsciente / 10) Hypnopédie / 11) Être instruit pour être libre / 12) Que faire ?
Lien vers la version originale du texte en ligne :
https://www.huxley.net/bnw-revisited/
Bande-son :
Fitter Happier - Radiohead -
I picked up Huxley’s classic dystopian utopia Brave New World as part of my ongoing pursuit of the classics. His analytical non-fiction follow-up (some thirty years after the novel) was included in the back of the paperback version I was reading, and it immediately piqued my interest, in some ways even more than the novel. Although I ultimately disagree with much of Huxley’s worldview, this collection of essays–which analyzes the possibility and probability of the events in the novel–is fascinating, both as a glimpse into his writing process and from the hindsight viewpoint of a still further sixty years into his future.
-
If you can get past the first couple of chapters, where Huxley's remarks about Africans, Asiatics and the illiterate masses leaves me thinking he was a pretty big jerk, you'll proceed through some fascinating (and fairly spot on) commentary about totalitarianism and propaganda and democracy, to a final paragraph that bemoans kids these days and their lack of dedication to freedom.
So, it's overall a useful and interesting read, while being the product of its time. -
I fucking hate politics.
It's only useful in a very small amount of cases and in the rest of the time it's just a big pile of bullshit that is fed to people in order to keep them at their lower level.
I don't like governments and people that run countries and I really really don't like them in countries like mine or in countries like USA. Somewhere in this world there must be a good president or a nice prime-minister but in my country, that doesn't happen and in the USA it's all just a big scam. Or, at least, that's my opinion.
Huxley decided, in the late fifties, to "revisit" his work and comment on it, in order for a better understanding. He did a really nice job in this .. essay, let's call it, on commenting his book. He explained some things about it and he made an apology for other things that he thought were not good enough, or should have been written better about. He was just too young to know.
This explanation of his was a good way for me of finding some new things about this world and starting to think about new ideas that didn't occur to me before. He did a lot of comparisons with Hitler's regime, but I think that's because Hitler had just gone out of our world for a bit more than 20 years and everything about that tragedy was still recent in the minds of the people living then. The wound was still open and, apparently, it didn't want to close up.
I liked a lot of things that he said about our world and I do find it strange (or, to say, kind of amazing) that what he wrote in 1932 was available in 1958 and is available now, and what he wrote in 1958 is also true for nowadays. The same thing Orwell did in 1948, when he spoke of this idea - the ability of the rulers of our known little world called Earth to kill freedom before it is born. Now I'm not sure which of them did it better, because even though they are based on the same principles and mainly the same big idea, the details are very different and it doesn't come at all as a surprise that I can't pick my favorite.
Though I do have something to say against Huxley's work, when compared to Orwell's. 1984 is deeper, I think. It's much more of a philosophical dilemma than Brave New World is.
The thing that Huxley did and I didn't like throughout this work is comparing his book with Orwell's from 20 to 20 pages. They're just not the same, so you could be able to compare them! The message they speak about is the same, not the style, not the development! Yes, you can compare them on a personal level, like I did before, and say which of them you liked better, but you cannot speak of them with the same easiness in terms of technical specifications. Plus they are two different authors with two different views on our world, and that's to be seen in their books. One speaks of cruelty, the other of eeriness. One tells a story about fear and the other tells a story about not knowing what fear was. One is oppression, the other is the inability to know what oppression is.
Anyhow, this was a great book explaining Brave New World and I do think that it was a good idea of Huxley's to write this! -
No doubt about it, Brave New World is an important book. When I first read it in high school it was a revelation and a lot more accessible than 1984, which seemed kind of dark, dreary, and difficult at the time. Twenty years later, I find myself rereading 1984 almost annually because it does what great literature can do so well: get under one's skin in a way that is uncomfortable yet illuminating. The world Orwell creates in 1984 is somehow more consistent and believable, the characters more "real" and sympathetic, their motives and fears more palpable.
I picked up BNW for the first time since high school and found it unreadable after a certain point. The characters are caricatures, the situations absurd, and the stabs at humor stilted and unfunny in that way only a towering intellect can be. When I was younger I didn't understand Nabokov's horror of the "novel of ideas," but after trying BNW after so long I finally got it. BNW just doesn't hold up on aesthetic grounds.
Which is why I'm glad Huxley wrote Brave New World Revisited. In it he basically strips the novel of its fictional elements and compares his predictions (or, perhaps more accurately, observations and extrapolations) to the industrial world of the 1950s (and, again presciently, beyond).
In the end I suppose Huxley was a better social commentator than artist. -
"Se prea poate și ca un om să nu fie deținut în închisoare și, totuși, să nu fie liber; să nu fie supus niciunei constrângeri fizice și, totuși, să fie captiv din punct de vedere psihologic... O victimă a manipulării mentale nu știe că este victimă. Pentru ea, zidurile închisorii sunt invizibile și ea se crede liberă."
Mă așteptam la o continuare ori la altfel de întoarcere în "minunata lume nouă", dar și aceste eseuri s-au dovedit a fi interesante, ca o mică incursiune in mintea autorului. -
Cesur Yeni Dünya'yı bu kadar insanın okuduğu, bildiği, takip ettiği bir ortamda bu kitabı bilmemek, okumamak, haberdar olmamak inanılmaz geliyor bana gerçekten. Bu sitede sayılı türkçe incelemelerden birini yazıyor olmam bile ülkece kurgu dışı kitaplara ne kadar mesafeli olduğumuzun çarpıcı bir örneği. Buna kendimi de dahil ediyorum aslında. Ben de daha çok kurgu edebiyatı okuyorum.
ama...
Cesur Yeni Dünya'yı ziyaret bir istisna olmalıdır. Benim gözümde, Huxley'in bu masalının evreleri var.
Kitap birinci evre..(Cesur Yeni Dünya 1931)
Kiitaba sonradan eklenmiş önsöz ikinci evre.. (1946)
Cesur Yeni Dünyayı Ziyaret üçüncü ve belki en önemli evre.(1958)
Bu kitapta sadece bir distopik toplumun 27 yılda ne derece realize olduğunun ispatlarını bulmayacaksınız. Aynı zamanda böylesi bir eseri yarattıktan sonra, adeta feleğin çemberinden geçmiş bir "gerçek dünya" da yaşayan yazarın görüş ve fikirlerindeki gelişmeyi/gerilemeyi de okuyacaksınız. Evet. Dünyamız 1931-1958 arasında çok önemli toplumsal olaylara ev sahipliği etti. Koca bir Dünya savaştı. Diktatörler yaşadı, toplumları manipüle etti, etkiledi ve sonunda devrildi. Dünya farklı bir yaşam tarzına evrildi. Bu kitabın cevabını aradığı soru şu; Dünya Orwell'in 1984'üne doğru mu yoksa Huxley'in Cesur Yeni Dünya'sına doğru mu gidiyor? Yoksa bu iki farklı sistemin arasında, ikisinden de izler taşıyan üçüncü bir sistem olabilir mi? Bu kitaplarda yaşananlar gerçek olabilir mi?
Orwell bu hikâyenin neresinde derseniz, kendisi Huxley'in öğrencisi ve Huxley bu kitabında iki önemli distopyayı kıyaslama ve analiz etme yoluna gidiyor.
İşte bu sebeplerle bu kitabı mutlaka okumalısınız. Bu kitapsız bir Cesur Yeni Dünya sadece hayalci bir kurgudan öteye geçememektedir. Yazarın aklındakilere ve daha fazlasına bu ilave kitapla tam nüfuz edebiliyoruz. Kurgunun dışına çıkarken farkedeceksiniz ki, aslında "birileri" tarafından gerçekte oluşturulan bir kurguda yaşıyoruz zaten.
Ütopya'dan-------distopyaya,distopyadan-------- Gerçek Dünya'ya hoşgeldiniz. -
I am pleasantly surprised. This book was a series of essays about certain social institutions that are slowly making the world more closely align with the future Huxley predicts in Brave New World. I am not sure why Huxley is trying so hard to prove that his predictions are more likely to come true than George Orwell's 1984. Here are some of the main ideas that I thoroughly enjoyed:
"That so many of the well fed young television-watchers in the world's most powerful democracy should be so completely indifferent to the idea of self-government, so blankly uninterested in freedom of thought and the right to dissent, is distressing, but not too surprising"
"To be under no physical constraint and yet to be a psychological captive, compelled to think, feel and act as the representatives of the national State, or of some private interest with the nation, want him to think, feel and act"
"Most men and women will grow up to love their servitude and never dream of revolution". -
A timeless and prophetic work by one of the most brilliant literary and sociological thinkers of the 21st century, who presaged the brave new world of malleable reality and mutable memory that we currently live in.
Where to begin? Over the course of a few hundred pages, this singular mind has summed up the socioeconomic underpinnings of the last century of history, while laying down a blueprint for the next century.
With its timeless insights into the nature of human frailty, democracy, tyranny, propaganda and the forces "historical, economic, demographic and technological" which impede our ability to exercise reason, claim rights "and act justly within a democratically organized society" (plus a whole lot more), Brave New World Revisited captures the articulations of a brilliant mind, fully developed, at the height of its powers, operating at full steam, and might as well have been written to address the Trumpist times we currently live in.
A follow-on essay published in 1957 to explore the themes first raised in his 1932 novel Brave New World, Brave New World Revisited stitches together all my observations of the past decade into a contiguous, beautifully-composed whole. A far-reaching essay on the implications of the science, politics and art interacting against a backdrop of population-resource pressure, cultural decay, technological change and social disruption, this essay should be made required reading for all students, innovators and politicians.
I originally started reading this when I was 23, gave up because it didn't feel relevant, and then returned to it almost a decade later. My oh my, what a difference the passage of time has made. One helluva read man! I feel like I went down a deep rabbit hole into the inner workings of human nature, with an omniscient voice in my ear patiently explaining the hidden intricacies and interconnections between various branches of human knowledge to me. This book is the equivalent of a bachelor's degree, and more. The start of universal education in its own right, the kind of renaissance-style of interdisciplinary analysis which might have once been more common on college campuses before the advent of industry-inspired specializations.
In just a few hundred pages, Huxley has manage to touch upon and summarize so many wide-ranging avenues of thought and research, weaving them into a contiguous whole to present a startling vision for humanity and society. For instance: the link between language and morality, biology and social freedom, economic organization and totalitarianism, media manipulation and caste systems, medieval tyranny and modern marketing, and that's just for starters.
Imagine stumbling upon an intensely intellectual conversation where great insights and even greater avenues of thought are hinted at in passing, leaving you thrilled and excited with their possibilities. If you can get through its tedious prose, it's brilliant, with the precision and soul of a great machine slowly stirring to life. -
Eseurile au fost o delectare și mi-au plăcut mai mult decât romanul. Reîntoarcerea în minunata lume nouă ofertă un behind the scenes al originalului. Mi-au plăcut aspectele cu privire la psihologia maselor și a propagandei. Pe parcursul capitolelor Huxley abordează posibile metode și mecanisme pe care dictatura sau conducerea le-a folosit și le-ar putea folosi, astfel încât realitatea viitoare să ajungă foarte aproape de ceea ce imaginația autorului (sau mai degrabă psihedelismul indus) a produs. Pe de o parte s-a și întâmplat. Acum trăim o variantă a ceea ce Huxley prevedea, cu toate că "furtul" libertății noastre e realizat muuuult mai subtil. Ceea ce e chiar mai înspăimântător...
Dar încheierea are o notă de speranță.
"Între timp a măi rămas, totuși, un pic de libertate pe lumea asta. E adevărat, mulți tineri nu par să prețuiască libertatea. Dar unii dintre noi continuă să creadă că fără libertate ființele omenești nu pot deveni pe deplin umane și că, deci, libertatea este de neprețuit. Poate că forțele care amenință acum libertatea sunt prea puternice pentru a li se putea rezista multă vreme. Și totuși, este de datoria noastră să facem tot ce putem pentru a nu împotrivi lor" -
This book reminds me of the suggestion to not get to know one's heros. He isn't my hero, but his writings here are reminiscent of the kind of surprisingly reactionary viewpoints not expected of someone who seemed lucidly critical of dystopic possibilities. BNW seemed to imply a certain criticism of permissive dogma, had an opposition to eugenics, and analysis of insidious and subtle positive reinforcement in authoritarian societies. But in reading this, he focuses multiple times on scare-mongering McCarthyism eg. scapegoating communism as the Ultimate Threat to Freedoms. He also rants about the decline of society due to "allowing" disabled people to live, that society "allows" people with low IQs to breed, he talks of purity as if disabled population and sympathy for others is the problem, as if this way of thinking is not the very same dystopian conditions he wrote about and criticized in his book.
I would like to note that the IQ system was developed for the primary purposes of presenting people of colour as innately less intelligent than white people. Huxley is advocating for the eradication of all "impure" peoples who are not actively breeding a supreme race. This includes people of colour, disabled people, homosexuals, infertile people, transgender people, people with mental illness and/or neurodivergence, "illerates", political dissidents, and so on. Huxley doesn't seem to notice the shocking irony that he would advocate for the same dystopian system he portrayed satirically in brave new world. He seems to not notice the connection between how he thinks of abnormal people, and how nazis thought of abnormal people. He also has no problem trying to justify systems of oppression and propaganda as committed by the western world, on the basis that anything the western world does is for the purposes of improving the species and spreading democracy, and is therefore justified.
At times he has some compelling statements about societal and individual struggles for freedom, and analysis of various methods of propaganda and control, which suggest there was still at least nominal lucidity to critique societies, but it is often overshadowed by obvious hypocrisy and an authoritarian, genocidal advocacy. When his opinions are not shown, and instead he remains focused on analyzing propaganda, he makes compelling points that are far more legitimate and important to know than the opinionated points he tries to put forth as a Final Solution. -
Quis custodiet custodes?
Mankind has always dreamed of the perfect society, just as it has always feared the oppressive one. From this dream has been born the fantasy of Utopia and from this fear the nightmare of Dystopia.
But is Utopia truly the antithesis of Dystopia, and is it really an egalitarian society possible? From Thomas More to Karl Marx and H. G. Wells and many others, this perfect society generally abides by some rigid, unimaginative and sometimes implausible rules, the main one being the austerity caused by the absence of personal property. But, as it has already been seen in all Communist countries, this invests the State with an incredible power over the individual, denying the latter its importance whilst overstressing the importance of the community. And because there is nobody left to sanction its actions (that is, nobody to answer the question which is the title of this review), the State is prone to become, sooner or later, a dictatorship of the enforced good, a hell paved with good intentions, like in that old joke in which a young man eagerly helps an old woman get on a tram she didn’t want to climb. How easily Thomas More’s Utopia becomes George Orwell’s 1984.
The other way around is the decadence caused by overindulgence. The hunt for happiness at any cost leads to another type of totalitarian society: the New Brave World’s one, in which the mankind is programmed to listen to its instincts and not to its reason. Apparently so different, the two societies are in fact very similar:In 1984 the lust for power is satisfied by inflicting pain; in Brave New World by inflicting a hardly less humiliating pleasure.
Inclined to think the future will belong to the second, much more persuasive in his opinion than the first, Aldous Huxley’s Brave New world Revisited tries to find a way to escape its Siren song. Using the same premise as Freud in Civilization and Its Discontents, that the man is in search of happiness at all costs, the author denounces the major perils of our civilization, either of biological, social or psychological nature.
A first danger is the over-population that menace to consummate the resources, undermining the well-being of the individuals and therefore the social stability. He grimly foresees (in 1958!) a future where all over-populated and underdeveloped countries will be communist. His prophecy was partially true and even though communism collapsed in Eastern Europe, it continues to flourish elsewhere. Moreover, another form of totalitarianism, the Islamic terrorist State menaces to take over.
Another danger results from the fight of the humankind with the natural selection: the medical discoveries reduce the mortality rate and overcrowd the Earth with flawed individuals: in his opinion, the decline of average healthiness may lead to a decline of average intelligence and this ethical dilemma is not easy to solve.
The technology is another good thing that turned bad in our civilization, for the technological progress leads to the concentration and centralization of the economic power. Although organization is important, over-organization transforms people into automats, suffocating the creative spirit and robbing them of freedom.
Then there is the power of the mind control, from propaganda to chemical and subconscious persuasion that brainwash people into believing everything. In a democratic society the force of the propaganda consists mainly in a combination of Dr. Jekyll (a propagandist of the truth and reason) with Mr Hyde (an analyst of human weaknesses and failings), so that the nowadays politicians appeal to the ignorance and irrationality of the elector. The same is true for dictatorship, which successfully uses “herd-poisoning” – the intoxication by the crowd:Mindlessness and moral idiocy are not characteristically human attributes; they are symptoms of herd-poisoning.
But as the human being, as Huxley justly observes, is not fundamentally a gregarious being, society is, or should be, not an organism (like a hive or a termitary) but an organization. An organization where three values should be always respected: the value of individual freedom, the value of charity and compassion and the value of intelligence.
This is why the final chapter, What can be done?, is a pleading for creating a society as a form of “self-governing, voluntarily co-operating groups, capable of functioning outside the bureaucratic systems of Big Business and Big Government.” This is the only way for the individual to assert his freedom. And even though mankind sees less and less the intricate relation between humanity and freedom, maybe all is not lost:The cry of “Give me television and hamburgers, but don’t bother me with the responsibilities of liberty”, may give place, under altered circumstances, to the cry of “Give me liberty or give me death.”
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3,5*
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(Đang cập nhật ...)
4.6 sao vì còn gì đó hơi hụt một chút (Tôi cũng chả hiểu luôn)
Nếu bạn được lựa chọn sống trong một thế giới không đau khổ - thiên đường trần thế. Tất cả những thứ bạn muốn đều là hiện thực, còn những thứ không thành hiện thực thì bạn cũng chả muốn. Và nếu bạn có buồn, đã có "soma" - một dạng thuốc phiện giúp đuổi đi nỗi buồn trong bạn. Ở đây mọi người đều trẻ trung và xinh đẹp, không ai cô đơn (vì mọi người thuộc về mọi người), không ai đau ốm hay già nua, không ai có người thân hay cha mẹ nên không phải lo âu phụng dưỡng, chăm sóc; không chiến tranh, không ganh đua. Cái giá phải trả là mọi người đều sống ít hơn một chút (đâu đó đến 60). Mọi người đều được phân chia (theo đẳng cấp) và gần như không ai đố kị ai cả, mọi người đều hạnh phúc. Bạn muốn sống trong một thiên đường như thế chứ?
Đây là một câu hỏi trong những vấn đề mà "Brave new world" đặt ra. Và gần như khác với các thể loại dystopian khác, phần nào đó cuốn sách như muốn biện luận cho thế giới đó. Không khó hiểu nếu như bạn vừa trải qua Đại khủng hoảng 1929 và vẫn còn thấy di chứng của nó vào năm 1932 khi Arduous Huxley xuất bản sách. Chìm đắm trong chủ nghĩa khoái lạc (hedonism) có lẽ tốt hơn sống trong thiếu thốn. Nhưng đó không phải là câu trả lời mà kẻ "mọi rợ" (Mr Savage) muốn.
"I don't want comfort. I want God, I want poetry, I want real danger, I want freedom, I want goodness. I want sin"
Thật lòng đoạn này gợi tôi nhớ đến Hannibal Barca - kẻ mọi rợ đánh bại La Mã hay Thành Cát Tư Hãn - một tên mọi rợ khác trinh phục cả châu lục Á Âu. Như thể có ai đó quát vào mặt tôi rằng "Đừng tự mãn với cái văn minh của mày, hãy nhớ rằng sự man rợ của tao mạnh mẽ hơn nhiều". Phải nói thật rằng với tôi văn minh hơi mang màu sắc ẻo lả dù tôi yêu mọi thứ văn minh (sách vở máy móc) đến chết. Tôi không thể tưởng tượng nổi rằng "Brave new world" có thể khiến tôi rung động nhiều đến thế. Đọc sách tôi thấy bóng dáng người đàn ông dưới hầm (the underground man) của Dostoyevski xuất hiện. Sự cay nghiệt của Bernard Marx - một kẻ thuộc tầng lớp trên luôn bị coi thường, thật hết sức lôi cuốn và thú vị. Bernard không uống soma vì anh ta thích cái sự cay nghiệt, nhỏ nhen và thù hằn của bản thân hệt như người đàn ông dưới hầm nói. Thế nhưng nông cạn như tất cả những kẻ nông cạn, ngay khi có một cơ hội được xã hội tán dương hay tâng bốc, anh này quên ngay cái sự tuyệt vời đầy thú vị (như lời của người dưới hầm - "fantastic nature") của sự cay đắng và thù hằn; anh nhanh chóng chở thành con rối của đám đông. Sự đố kỵ của Bernard đến gần cuối sách càng khiến anh rất thật nhưng lại thật nhạt nhẽo.
Mustapha Mond lại là một kẻ thú vị khác. Có thể trong suốt câu chuyện, người đàn ông quyền lực nhất này ít xuất hiện. Mond được coi là một Ford (nói trại của God) - một người tối cao cai trị dân chúng. Tưởng chừng đây là một kẻ độc tài thì trái ngược lại, Mond từng là một tên nổi loạn cho đến khi được lựa chọn: "hoặc là lưu đầy đến đảo với khoa học và nghệ thuật và những con người đầy thú vị hay ở lại và trị vì thế giới". Mond lựa chọn ở lại vì hạnh phúc:
"Happiness is a hard master - particularly other people's happiness"
Và cũng vì hạnh phúc, thế giới phần nào trở nên nông cạn, ngây thơ và có phần nhạt nhẽo:
"Actually happiness always looks pretty squalid in comparison with the overcompensations for misery. And, of course, stability isn't nearly so spectacular as instability. And being contented has none of the glamour of a good fight against misfortune, none of the picturesqueness of a struggle with temptation, or a fatal overthrow by passion or doubt. Happiness is never grand"
Cuộc nói chuyện giữa "tên mọi" và "thần sống giữa loài người" là đoạn khiến tôi thấy xúc động nhất. Nó như một cuộc tranh luận thân thiện giữa hai người bạn mà khoảng cách về địa vị xã hội không tạo ra khoảng cách về suy nghĩ. Mond chia sẻ những cuốn sách sâu sắc mà hắn yêu thích nhất với Mr Savage, những cuốn sách mà chính hắn cấm. -
Huxley!
Beni çok korkutuyor, nasıl bilebilirsin bu kadar yahu? Distopyalarını okuduğumda, Huxley'in Orwell'den çok daha iyi olduğunu düşünüyordum. Şimdi çok daha fazla inanıyorum buna!
Huxley onlar nasıl argümanlar... Orwell'in diktatörlüğünün nasıl biteceğini, neden ceza değil ödül sistemini kurguladığını; soma denilen ilacın neden var olduğu gibi gibi kitapta düşünülmüş maddeleri tek tek başlıklarda açıklıyor. Sanılmasın ki bu bir kitap üzerine yazılmış bir deneme, bu politik bir essay aslında. Çok değerli buluyorum.
Kitaba düzgünce odaklanamadığımı düşünüyorum açıkçası, bazı fikirlerini tam olarak anlayamadım. Tekrar sağlıklı bir kafayla okumak istiyorum.
Alan kişiye de çokçokçok teşekkür ederim :') -
In this short book, Huxley talks about the fears of a future similar to the book "Brave New World", where there is no freedom and all human beings have no individuality.
Topics such as overpopulation, propaganda and brainwashing are treated in detail, illustrating as a "dictator of the future" could use various elements of the book "Brave New World" to keep people under control.
Beautiful food for thought about politics, social aspects and freedom. However, I found the book a bit tiring and repetitive.
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Neste pequeno curto, Huxley discorre sobre os medos de um futuro semelhante ao do livro "Admirável Mundo Novo", onde não há liberdade e todos os seres humanos não possuem individualidade.
Temas como superpopulação, propaganda e lavagem cerebral são tratados em detalhe, exemplificando como um "ditador do futuro" poderia usar vários elementos do livro "Brave New World" para manter as pessoas sob controle.
Belo assunto para refletir sobre política, aspectos sociais e liberdade. No entanto, achei o livro um pouco cansativo e repetitivo. -
Já andava para ler este livro há quatro anos, desde que li a "obra-mãe", o Admirável Mundo Novo. Finalmente, perdi as desculpas pelo caminho e investi alguns dias a ler o Regresso ao Admirável Mundo Novo, do escritor inglês Aldous Huxley.
Desde as primeiras páginas que li escritas por Aldous Huxley que soube que esta distopia seria um dos meus livros favoritos por muito tempo - ainda é! Por isso, já sabia que Huxley só pode ter sido um visionário no seu tempo. É certo que algumas das conclusões do autor são generalistas, mas temos de pensar que este livro foi escrito há sessenta anos e que o mundo se tem alterado a enorme velocidade nas últimas duas ou três décadas.
Além disso, achei o comentário à sua própria obra e a comparação feita com 1984 (de George Orwell) muito elucidativos. Note-se que Admirável Mundo Novo foi escrito antes da 2ª Guerra Mundial e o Regresso foi escrito depois. Desta forma, só falta Huxley dizer "eu tinha razão"... Porque tinha. As ditaduras aconteceram, a indústria do entretenimento aconteceu, a manipulação das mentes aconteceu, até uma tentativa de engenharia genética aconteceu. E não foi preciso muito tempo, apenas uma década depois da publicação da distopia!
Os dois últimos capítulos, sem previsões, mas sim baseados em conselhos e ideias para o futuro, continuam actuais. Chamam-se "Educação para a liberdade" e "Que podemos fazer?". Desafio-vos a lerem-nos, mesmo que não leiam as duzentas páginas anteriores. Após tantas notas negativas acerca do presente de Huxley, ele decide deixar-nos qualquer coisa em que pensar no pós-guerra. Fica a ideia de resistência contra a opressão e o desenvolvimento urgente dum espírito crítico através do questionamento e instrução escolar (independente de ideologias) dos cidadãos.
Mais em:
https://fuiprocrastinar.blogs.sapo.pt... -
Antes que nada aviso que este libro no fue lo que esperaba, y es que estaba segura que era una novela que continuaba con la historia de "Un mundo Feliz", pero en realidad es un análisis/ensayo crítico de la sociedad, y cómo lo que el autor presenta en su novela podría hacerse realidad en nuestro mundo dentro de este siglo.
Huxley parte de la base más que aceptada de que estamos viviendo con un exceso de población que nos hace enfrentarnos a una seria cantidad de problemas. A partir de allí desgrana las posibilidades de disminuir la población, mejorar las capacidades de producción, aleccionar a la humanidad para que se comporte de determinada manera, entre otros detalles relacionados.
Me llamaron especialmente los primeros capítulos que se centran en el comportamiento humano y cómo este se ve afectado por lo que lo rodea en la sociedad. Y es interesante observar las referencias a textos científicos, especialmente de psicólogos y sociólogos, que el autor toma en ciertos momentos para respaldar sus ideas.
En general no fue un texto del todo imposible, pero no es lo que más me llama la atención leer, y por eso la nota. Si a alguien le llama la temática seguro le encontrará algo interesante. -
In 1931, Aldous Huxley wrote his magnum opus 'Brave New World' - a prescient masterpiece dealing with what the author termed as 'a fable dealing with de-humanization employing techniques of over organisation'. This prophetic anti-utopian novel ranks alongside George Orwell's '1984' as one of the most influential books penned on the swift and forced erosion of independent thought and freedom of choice. Using a combination of centralised control of reproduction and neo natal programming, a dictatorial regime in 'Brave New World' deprived an entire subservient mass of human beings of their free will and usurped their freedom of choice, thereby gaining their unquestioned loyalty and devotion to the workings of the regime.
Twenty eight years after the publication of 'Brave New World', Huxley undertook a searing examination of the world affairs to identify glimmers (if any) of the disquieting phenomena which he has predicted would be the woes of the world in the distant future; a future he termed 7A.F (7th century After Ford). To his astonishment and chagrin, Huxley realised that the age of mental coercion and dangerous proselytization was already upon our age much faster than the rate at which Huxley had predicted it to happen. In this lucidly thought out review Huxley leads us through a range of options employed by many dictators such as Hitler and Stalin to win over the minds of vulnerable people with the sole aim of furthering discord and disharmony. Taking advantage of economically weak factors such as an uncontrolled growth of population and acute food shortages, many regimes exploited a depraved populace to channel their angst and anger towards violent acts and attitudes.
Huxley also introduces us to the methods prescribed by various Communist regimes to brainwash Luddites and break their mental reserve before finally succeeding in making them succumb to the tenets of the Communist Manifesto and Marxist ideologies. This objective was achieved without having a need to take recourse to physically assailing or torturing the unfortunate victims. Indoctrination through spiritual subjugation and mental humiliation were the chosen weapons of conversion. Novel methods such as Chemical persuasion (making available the use of certain drugs that act on the chemical properties of the brain, akin to the famous drug 'Soma' of 'Brave New World') and sub conscious persuasion such as influencing the sub conscious of the target by continuously emitting a drone of propaganda just before she dozes off into a state of deep sleep are also discussed by Huxely in startlingly clear fashion to demonstrate the plethora of tools that are available in the arsenal of a dictator to wield with wanton indiscretion and frequency.
The beauty of this book lies in its understated practicality. Huxley with a calmness that is terrifying and with a clarity that is frightening, lays out the irreversible perils that imperil mankind as the a rampant progress of technology, engulfing all that appear in its wake, threatens to make mere automatons of mankind and in the process, bestowing a portentous opportunity to aggressive political aspirants for assuming unopposed control over a weak and intoxicated mass of citizens. Huxley also frequently draws parallel to George Orwell's '1984' to point out the direction in which the world is heading and concludes that the more rigorous and uncompromising methods adopted by Orwell's ubiquitous 'Big Brother' would not even be needed in an age where the ends may be accomplished by resorting to more sophisticated and ingenious means. Huxley concludes by arguing that the only means to nip this insidious trend in its bud would be through an education that lays emphasis on furthering one's free will. The concluding passage in the book strikes a dire note of warning as Huxley encouragingly exhorts us to believe that all is not lost - yet!
He says "Meanwhile there is still freedom left in the world.....But some of us still believe that without freedom human beings cannot become fully human and that therefore freedom is supremely valuable. Perhaps the forces that now menace freedom are too strong to be resisted for very long. It is still our duty to do whatever we can to resist them".
United States of America and Mr. Donald Trump, are you listening?
If 'Brave New World' was one for the ages, 'Brave New World Revisited' goes even beyond! -
Cesur Yeni Dünya'nın yazarı Huxley, büyük yankı uyandıran ütopik eserindeki tahayyül ve öngörülerinin ne oranda gerçekleşmekte olduğu üzerine bir güncelleme yayımlamış denilebilir.
Yazar, Orwell'ın ütopyası
1984 ile kendi ütopyasını da kıyaslıyor. Fazlaca özet olacak ama; baskıcı rejimlere zorla boyun eğen 1984 dünyasının insanlarının aksine, Cesur Yeni Dünyanın insanları karınları doyduğu ve acı çekmedikleri sürece (ya da acı çekmemek üzere) gönüllü olarak özgürlüklerinden feragat edebiliyorlardı. Ütopyasının izlerini süren yazar, özgürlük problemi dahil birçok konuda zamanın kendisini haklı çıkardığı hatta ütopyasının öngördüğünden daha çabuk sürede gerçekleşeceğinin ipuçlarını verdiği belirtiyor. Ben de aynı fikirdeyim. Üstelik 1932 tarihli kitaba düştüğü notlardan oluşan 1958 tarihli bu kitabı, 2017 yılında okurken yazarı haklı buluyorum ki bu da yazarı garanti 3 maç istenilecek yazarlar kategorisine sokmak için yeterli.
Kitabın genel olarak odaklandığı konu başlıkları şu şekilde;
I. Aşırı Nüfus
II. Nicelik, Nitelik, Ahlaklılık
III. Aşırı Örgütlenme
IV. Demokratik Toplumda Propaganda
V. Diktatörlükte Propaganda
VI. Satış Sanatları
VII. Beyin Yıkama
VIII. Kimyasal İkna
IX. Bilinçaltı İkna
X. Hipnopedya
XI. Özgürlük için Eğitim
XII. Ne Yapılabilir?
Görüldüğü üzere neler döndüğünü ve gelişmelerin nelere gebe olduğunu öngören Huxley, son bölümde olası olumsuzluklara karşı neler yapılabileceği üzerine de kafa yoruyor. Net bir öneri yapabildiğini söylemek zor, zaten kendisi de bunun farkında. Çünkü çözümlerinde hep dengeyi ve orta yolu öneriyor ki, bu tarz çözümlerin insanlık göz önünde bulundurulduğunda fazlaca iyimser olduğunu belirtmemiz gerekir.
Bu kitapta tespit edilen ve ileride başımıza iş açacak bazı problemlere karşı aşır��cı çözümlere örnek olması açısından da şu güzel diziyi tavsiye ediyorum;
Utopia -
As expected from Huxley, this is a brilliant collection of essays on our society and its future. I consider it a great supplement to any anti-utopian novel, to be read when initial shock is soothed and there is more room for clear thought.
The fact that it was published in 1959 and sounds, for the most part, like the work of a modern-day social philosopher, doesn't surprise me any more. What continues to impress me is the author's ability to stay away from imposing his own leanings on his prose. Of course, as a presentation of personal thoughts, this book is slightly more partial than Brave New World, but largely the author stays true to his analytical self and does not judge. He discusses, ever so eloquently, what is happening to the world (including the world in 2011), and what might happen from now on.
Another fact I greatly enjoyed is that, in Brave New World Revisited, Huxley has made such clear statements and has explained them so well that hardly any historical background is needed to understand his points. Yet again, it seems that neither pretentiousness nor confusing language is a condition for a powerful mind. Which is always good to know.
This book is a must-read for everybody, even if they're not too interested (like me) in politics or big bad global issues. -
"Meanwhile there is still some freedom left in the world. Many young people, it is true, do not seem to value freedom. But some of us still believe that, without freedom, human beings cannot become fully human and that freedom is therefore supremely valuable. Perhaps the forces that now menace freedom are too strong to be resisted for very long. It is still our duty to do whatever we can to resist them."
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I liked this collection of essays about the issues raised in BNW and 1984 better than I liked the novel itself.
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"Fără libertate fiinţele omeneşti nu pot deveni pe deplin umane şi deci libertatea este de nepreţuit."
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Aldous Huxley's Brave New World (1931) transported readers to a deeply creepy nightmare-vision of the future, in which man had disappeared as an independent being, instead becoming the raw materials for a new, engineered hive creature. In Brave New World Revisited, Huxley shares his fear that the technocratic domination of society is proceeding much more quickly than he had anticipated, and then outlines reasons for concern and the vectors by which free minds could be compromised and manipulated.
The crux of the problem, says Huxley, is overpopulation. Viewing a global population of 3 billion in horror, Huxley anticipated not only only mass starvation, but the rise of tyranny across the world. Rising population would crowd more of humanity in cities, where disease both physical and mental would become an ever-greater threat. The rising misery, he believed, would have the effect of fraying civil society so much that Communist orders promising food for all would be imposed. Though not a libertarian, Huxley takes Lord Acton's appraisal of power and human nature to heart. Even an innocent desire for order, he argues, can carry the controlling authority away, resulting in creeping and then quickly-hardening tyranny. Eugenics is an obvious example, and the subject of his second chapter.
The bulk of the book, after the opening essays on population crises and eugenics, examines ways in which technology might begin to subjugate human psychology. His original novel was published in 1931, two years before Adolf Hitler took power and achieved the closest thing the world had seen to total technological command of a people; Hitler not only grasped how mob mentalities could be manipulated, he used the latest in communications technology to constantly convey his message. Huxley examines the tools of Hitler's trade, as well as others introduced in the decade after World War 2 that might be the stuff of future empires. These include chemical agents, sleep conditioning, emotional propaganda, and different forms of torture. In each section, Huxley mentions precursors of them already in-use, like pervasive advertising and the attempted creation of consequence-free feel-good drugs.
I knew nothing about Huxley before starting this, but he proves to have been a thoughtful and well-read man. Some of his concerns about overpopulation obviously seem dated, given that the global population is presently 7.6 billion, with consistent declines in starvation rates.Overpopulation means increased demand for everything, not just food, so it's still an issue to be concerned about -- whether your concern is resource wars or global warming. The pressure these populations put on governments to "do something" -- about a great many things -- has resulted in declining self-determination across the board, with all levels of government. Huxley's view of the city as a profoundly unnatural environment, one that induces mental diseases, is still argued -- see Desmond Morris' The Human Zoo.
Modern readers of this will find, then, some of it dated but a great deal still relevant, as far as human psychology goes; whatever one makes of shifts in our mores, human nature has not changed since 1958.
