D-Day, June 6, 1944: The Battle for the Normandy Beaches by Stephen E. Ambrose

D-Day, June 6, 1944: The Battle for the Normandy Beaches Reviews

• 
  Tony

  May 8, 1994
  
  Dear Prof. Ambrose:
  
  I have read most of your books and enjoyed them immensely. I was therefore eagerly awaiting the publication of your new book about D-Day. It finally arrived at our bookstore and I immediately began, greedily, to devour it.
  
  As it turns out, last Tuesday, I journeyed to Altoona, one-hundred miles east of here, to take my father to a hospital for some exploratory surgery. My father was an army medic, helping to chase Rommel through North Africa. He made it to Sicily where he suffered shrapnel wounds. Even now, when I read your histories of brave young men, I hear my father's stories of horror, joy, friendship and courage.
  
  I was obviously very concerned about the surgery my father faced and the possible results of the concurrent tests. I knew I would have a long, lonely wait in the hospital waiting room. I brought your book. It helped. For long stretches of time the worry surrounding me abated as I turned the pages of that day on the beaches of Normandy.
  
  Hours passed and the room filled with patients and their families. An old man came in, alone, and sat next to me. He smelled seasoned. I did not look up from my (your) book.
  
  Finally the old man shouted at me, "What's that book about?"
  
  I showed him the cover and said, "D-Day."
  
  "I was there," he said.
  
  I looked from his ice-blue eyes, down his unshaven face, to his windbreaker. There, over his heart, was a Screaming Eagle.
  
  It happens that this man, George Adams, was a paratrooper in C Company, 506th Regiment, 101st Airborne. I showed him your book and he began slowly looking through the pictures. After awhile I began to wonder if he would ever give me the book back without a fight. If so, I didn't like my chances.
  
  I asked him if he was still close to the men he jumped with that day and his jaw set in a way that I've never seen before and cannot adequately describe. He says he goes to the reunions annually. He's thinking about going back this June to jump on the anniversary.
  
  I gave him the address for The Eisenhower Center and urged him to write to you. I hope he does. Anyhow, he said he was going to buy your book.
  
  I wanted to buy him a hundred beers and ask him a thousand questions. I wish my own reasons for being in that waiting room were not hanging like a cloud. But my concerns kept me there and George Adams was called out next.
  
  We shook hands and I thanked him. He thanked me. I wanted him to know that there are many of my generation who appreciate what he did. I think we both felt our coincidental meeting was more special than odd.
  
  He left and I sat there holding your book, full of heroes like George Adams and the man I was waiting for.
  
  My Dad was all right: just some hemorrhoids. I pried him loose from the nurses and drove him home.
  
  I wanted to share this story with you and to thank you for the gift you share with readers like me.
  
  Sincerely
• 
  Tim

  As a brit this book really annoyed me. It’s not about the Normandy landings; it’s about the American landing on Omaha Beach. At every opportunity Ambrose trivialises and criticises the British, Canadian and other allied forces while giving us a chest thumping partisan view of the unequalled bravery of the Americans. The bias is embarrassing and a colossal show of disrespect to the soldiers of every other nation in the allied forces.
• 
  Jill Hutchinson

  Winston Churchill said "We have to prepare for the invasion of Europe.....unless we go and land and fight against Hitler and his forces on land, we shall never win the war". Although that wasn't quite the case, without a cross-Channel attack, the war might not have ended until 1946. So there had to be an assault since the Allies had the edge; control of the air and sea and the mass production of landing craft. They had only to pick the time and place and it became Operation Overlord, commonly known as D-Day.
  
  This history is extremely detailed and is a slow read but certainly not a dry one. The author follows individual men and platoons, as well as the larger picture and relates the mistakes made by both the Allies and the Nazis and the victories won. The Nazis from Hitler to every key German commander believed that the landing at Normandy was a invasion, not the invasion. So, even with the Atlantic Wall that had been built, they were unprepared as far as troop and Panzer positions were concerned.
  
  I do have one complaint about the author's approach. He barely touches on the forces of Britain, her colonies/territories and the Free French landings on D-Day, focusing strictly on the Americans. This makes the book's title somewhat misleading and I was disappointed and surprised at the exclusion.
  
  Even with this glaring omission, the book is an interesting look at the largest invasion in the history of warfare and I would recommend it to the WWII buff.
• 
  Rhonda

  My father (Warner Hamlett -D-Day vet and still doing well) was interviewed and quoted in this book. He is 93 years old and relives WWII every night in his dreams. He still goes out to his homemade bomb cellar during thunderstorms and screams in his sleep.
  
  Stephen Ambrose is an excellent author. He double checks his details and sources, using first-hand accounts of events. My father was in the 29 infantry out of South Boston, VA when they stormed Normandy Beach. The book tells the story of D-Day soldiers through their own words.
  
  I can tell you myself, Daddy’s stories have never changed over the years and Mr. Ambrose (who interviewed my father personally) did an excellent job of telling his story and quoting him verbatim.
  
• 
  David

  D-Day, June 6, 1944: The Battle for the Normandy Beaches by Stephen E. Ambrose Looks at the planning and execution of the largest invasion force ever put together up to that time. The logistics alone were mind boggling to coordinate the invasion itself; the false information to throw off the Germans about where they would be landing; as well as all of the support activities to bring in supplies and equipment to support the advancing troops in the liberation of France and the low countries. As is the case with this author's other books it has been thoroughly researched including first-hand accounts where possible.
  
  It is the young men born into the false prosperity of the 1920s and brought up in the bitter realities of the Depression of the 1930s that this book is about. The literature they read as youngsters was anti-war and cynical, portraying patriots as suckers, slackers and heroes. None of them wanted to be part of another war. They wanted to be throwing baseballs, not hand grenades; shooting .22s at rabbits, not M-1s at other young men. But when the test came, when freedom had to be fought for or abandoned, they fought (from the Prologue).
• 
  Henry

  The definitive account of D-Day written by one of the best historian-writers in America. The facts upon which Ambrose bases this epic are gathered not only from the historical record, but also from over a thousand oral histories and interviews of the men who were there on June 6, 1944, from General Eisenhower to the soldiers and sailors on the beaches and in the airborne divisions. It is no wonder that they are considered to be the greatest generation. In the words of Dwight Eisenhower with which this books concludes: "But they did it so that the world could be free. It just shows what free men will do rather than be slaves."
• 
  Deacon Tom F

  This book is an absolute masterpiece about D-Day. It's a combination of in In-depth Statistics; Oral History; & lots of fantastic interviews.
  
  Kinda long but highly recommended.
• 
  Checkman

  Stephen Ambrose enjoyed tremendous popularity in the 1990's with his WWII books about the fighting in Northwestern Europe. The books were massive bestsellers and made him a household name. Of course a historian enjoying such popularity means that other historians and history buffs will be examing his/her's work with a fine tooth comb. Late in his life ,and continuing since his death, reports surfaced documenting/alleging longtime patterns of plagiarism and inaccuracies in many of his published writings and other work. Additionally Ambrose has come under not unjustified criticism for his unabashed flag-waving and concentration on the men who made up the "elite" units rather than the poor kid who was drafted and thrown into the meat grinder with just a few weeks of training. Though ground combat is ground combat there is a difference between a highly trained paratrooper who had to be motivated just to get through the training and the eighteen year old who was assigned to the infantry with no say in the matter. That will shape perceptions and there are many who feel that Ambrose ignored the grunt because the grunt wasn't going to give a more rah rah account.
  
  Well as I wrote at the beginning this is a not unjustified critique of Ambrose. However I feel that it should be pointed out that "D-Day:June 6, 1944" is a little different. There is flagwaving and you can hear the stirring music in the background (albeit faintly), but in all fairness to Ambrose many of the vets who were interviewed were average soldiers - not paratroopers and Rangers and commandos. As a result I think "D-Day" presents a more balanced account of the fighting and the soldiers. No there is not the anger or cycnicsm that one will find with other writers such as Paul Fussell, but there is also not so much chest thumping as was in "Band of Brothers". This isn't a bad book. It didn't present anything new to me. This day has been covered by hundreds of writers in the past seventy years, but it's still a readable account. He does especially fine work covering Omaha Beach.
  
  If you're determined to hate Ambrose then you won't like this book . But if you're not very familiar with the war ,or don't have any strong academic opinions, then "D-Day: June 6, 1944" will prove to be informative and an involving read. It's popular history and sometimes that's enough.
• 
  Linda ~ they got the mustard out! ~

  I really enjoyed this. It's my first by Ambrose (who wrote Band of Brothers, which HBO turned into a miniseries) and I don't think it'll be my last. I really liked his approach here. He goes over all the events leading up to and during D-Day, on both the Allied and German sides. He manages to provide a comprehensive history that's clear and concise.
  
  In between all the big events, he also examines the human side of the war. This isn't glamorized history, but the accounts of the actual men who lived through it, their fear, their bravery. Many had tragic endings, many were lucky to see the end of the war. Some found ways not to fight, others found themselves fighting when they didn't expect to. He does mostly focus on American forces, with British and German after, but there's also accounts of Canadians, Polish and others. Ambrose also touches on something that I personally haven't seen acknowledged in other histories I've read or seen (admittedly, that's a small number) about why some of Hitler's forces weren't that eager to fight: he used a lot of conscripted soldiers from countries he'd conquered. Of course, those soldiers won't exactly want to kill the people coming in to hopefully liberate their home countries.
  
  There's a lot of info here, but it's never overwhelming, and it's laid out well so it's easy to follow how events unfolded like they did.
  
  I did have some issues with the narrator, though that's not the narrator's fault. He's very clear in his narration, and he doesn't "act" out any of the accounts. But he does have a timbre of voice that was soothing - a little too soothing, since I had trouble listening to him at first, lol. If you don't think that would be an issue for you, I recommend this audiobook.
• 
  RJ - Slayer of Trolls

  You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hope and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you. In company with our brave Allies and brothers-in-arms on other Fronts, you will bring about the destruction of the German war machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world.
  
  - General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force, Order of the Day, June 6, 1944
  
  D-Day, the Allied assault of the German-occupied French coastline in WWII, may be the single most important day in not only military history but in the 20th Century as well. Stephen E. "Band of Brothers" Ambrose details all of the meticulous planning that paved the way for the invasion and he documents the occurrences of the day from every perspective. Some of the details presented can be dry at times, and much of the information could have been more thoroughly explained for those who are not well-versed in military terminology, but the first-hand accounts from survivors as well as the anecdotes from behind the scenes are fascinating for even the casual reader.
• 
  Kuszma

  Amiben Ambrose nagyon jó, az a partraszállás léptékének érzékeltetése. Hogy ez az egész micsoda képtelen erőkoncentráció volt. Hogy mikor nekilódultak (a több mint ötezer hajó, a durván tizenegyezer repülő), az micsoda hátborzongató látvány lehetett. És micsoda eszméletlen vállalkozás egyetlen nap alatt a hajók bendőjéből egy ellenséges partra bocsátani vagy százezer embert. Teljesen át tudtam érezni az egész vállalkozásnak a lenyűgöző és egyben pokoli voltát. Olyannyira, hogy még flesseim is voltak. A Nyugatiban a vonatra várakozók között arra gondoltam, ez maga az Omaha-part, ha meg felbukkant egy ordítóan gyenge verseskötet, úgy veselkedtem neki, mintha vasbeton ütegállás lenne 105 mm-es lövegekkel: fel a kaptatón a géppuskatűzben, és püff, pörköljünk oda a lángszóróval. Van ereje a kötetnek, ami nem kis részben annak köszönhető, hogy az angolszász történészek hagyományosan jobban támaszkodnak a szemtanúk emlékeire.
  
  Amiben viszont valóban érheti szó a ház elejét, az az elfogultság. Számítani azért lehet rá – tudjuk, Ambrose Eisenhower elnök titkára is volt, no meg az Eisenhower Center igazgatója, és hát azért az öreg Ike szerintem is megérdemel minden dicséretet, hisz az adott pozícióhoz az ő képességei tökéletesek voltak*. Még azt is elfogadom, hogy a partraszállásból a szerző amerikai hőseposzt csinált, mert valóban az is volt. Gondoljunk bele, a szövetségesek megcsinálták, amit a hadtörténelemben előttük senki: a tengerről támadtak beásott szárazföldi ellenfelet, és közben elérték, hogy azok ne férjenek hozzá tartalékaikhoz, ellentétben a partraszállókkal, akik viszont folyamatosan kapták az utánpótlást. Szemére leginkább azt vetném, amikor ez a fajta elfogultság már szakmai hiányosságokhoz vezet – ilyen például a háborús hátországokról szóló fejezet, aminek uszkve 90%-a az amerikai hátországokról szól, a többiek meg kell elégedjenek pár bekezdéssel. Pedig hát – gondolom – a német hátországról is lehetett volna bővebben témázgatni.
  
  De azért nem nagy dolgok ezek, mert közben meg Ambrose bravúrosan feledteti könyvének kimerítő aprólékosságát lendületes írásmódjával. Ha bele is megy némi hadtudományi péniszméregetésbe**, azért mégiscsak a partraszállás egyik megkerülhetetlen alapműve marad.
  
  * Hogy közben meg tankhadosztályt Észak-Afrikában valószínűleg nem tudott volna vezetni úgy, mint Rommel, teljesen más kérdés. Rommel meg a statikus harcban vallott kudarcot, valószínűleg hiba is volt őt megbízni a partvédelemmel.
  ** Hogy kik voltak a legjobb katonák, a németek, az amerikaiak, esetleg az oroszok, amúgy is nagyjából értelmetlen kérdés. Ennek teszteléséhez gyakorlatilag steril körülmények között kellett volna egymásnak ereszteni őket, ugyanannyi embert, akik ugyanolyan tapasztalatokkal és parancsnoki lánccal rendelkeznek, egyiküket sem segítik kiépített erődítmények, és azonos méretű ipari teljesítmény áll a hátuk mögött. Ilyen körülmények a valódi háborúban természetesen nem léteznek.
• 
  Carol Storm

  Compelling, suspenseful, inspiring and heartbreaking. The pace of the narrative never flags. Absolutely the finest popular history ever written about the D Day Invasion. Ambrose has the right mix, combining an endless series of fascinating personal accounts from English, German, and American troops, plus balancing out the strategic overview with detailed analysis.
• 
  Jim

  This book is based on the oral histories of 1,400 men who were involved in D-Day. The majority of the book deals with one 24 hour period. Midnight, June 5/6 until midnight June 6/7. I learned about D-Day growing up. Mostly this was facts and figures. I have seen several movies about D-Day. Some were good. With the exception of a few names such as Roosevelt, Churchill, Eisenhower, and Montgomery I didn't know the people involved in one of the most historic events of the 20th century. In this book you get to meet and know some of the men who were there. Citizen soldiers as Ambrose refers to them. They were the children of the Great Depression. For many of these men it was their first time in combat. I call them men but many were teenagers. In this book you meet a 15 year old (he lied about his age in order to enlist) and a 16 year old. No matter their age they were men. This is not an easy read. It is full of military terms and acronyms. I often had to flip to a map in order to try an orient myself to the events taking place. I am glad I was reading the hardback version so that I could do this easily. There were many times in the book when the horrors of war were vividly brought home. Many of the soldiers, sailors, and airmen who were involved suffered grievous wounds and continued to fight. Even those who did not suffer a physical injury saw things that stayed with them and can only be described as a living hell. They did not come as invaders. They were there to liberate. There have been many movies about D-Day and they can be entertaining but to really learn about this day in history and appreciate the men who made this happen I would recommend reading this book.
• 
  Olethros

  -Si bien no definitivo, bastante completo.-
  
  Género. Historia.
  
  Lo que nos cuenta. Tras un breve prólogo dedicado a perfiles de soldados que participaron en el comienzo de las hostilidades esa jornada de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, repaso del Desembarco de Normandía analizando las fuerzas defensoras, las atacantes, sus líderes, la elección de los lugares de desembarco y el momento, la preparación para la Operación Overlord y el desarrollo de la propia operación.
  
  ¿Quiere saber más de este libro, sin spoilers? Visite:
  
  
  http://librosdeolethros.blogspot.com/...
• 
  Emily

  "The beach was just a complete shambles. It was like an inferno. There were bodies everywhere and some wounded being attended to. As I went by a tank I heard people screaming for morphine. The tank was on fire and they were burning to death. There wasn't a thing that I could do about that... Around midnight... I remember thinking, 'Man what a day this has been. If every day is going to be as bad as this I'll never survive the war.'" - Captain James Roberts (Easy Red Sector, Omaha Beach)
  
  This book took me a very long time to finish (in no small part because I'm a slow reader - a reality exacerbated in this case by how frequently I found myself pausing and staring existentially into the void).
  
  The material isn't all dark. In a brief moment of respite I found myself laughing out loud at a Royal Marine Commando with enough presence of mind for a quip upon landing at Gold: "Perhaps we're intruding. This seems to be a private beach."
  
  But the accounts (sometimes merely sentence-long observations) of the individual soldier alone on his "own little battlefield," suffering, became recurring reflective exercises for me. Unable to stop myself from imagining the exact instant a life ceased to be - the before millisecond and then the after - I returned to a singular train of thought: What would it be like to die in that way with no witnesses available to emotionally reckon with the moment? What would it be like to die with no one to REALLY notice?
  
  This lens shaped my entire reading of the book, and it continues to weigh on me in the sense of an urgent need to seek, to learn, to share veterans' stories. I wish to be able to take the time that for their brothers on the battlefield was an impossible luxury: the time to mourn their passing and feel deeply its implications. A brief trip to Normandy earlier this year offered a tiny peek into what that responsibility entails. I long to go back. In the interim, works like Ambrose's and the introspection they provoke can remind us of our responsibility, even when on their own they feel entirely insufficient.
  
  Unfortunately Ambrose truly glosses - I'm talking paragraphs in a 600-page historical record - over the racist and sexist oppression by a people fighting against oppression. Minorities are almost entirely excluded from the narrative. Rather than dwell on this oversight, I choose to focus on each and every story included in the book, all of which deserve to be told. The exclusions simply amplify our responsibilities to each other as fellow Americans to learn as many more stories as we can. "The trouble is you think you have time."
• 
  Don Stanton

  Probably one of the top three of all of his books concerning the war in Europe. It is a great place to start reading his series of books about WWII. It would be great to read this and Pegasus Bridge at the same time.
  If you have an ability visualize, you will be moved.
  I was in France in September of 2008. I'm not a tour guy, so we just go were and when we want to go. Chelly, my wife, and I went to the cemetery in Normandy. I was nearly overwhelmed at the sight. When We came to the long stairway that lead to Omaha Beach, I couldn't go down to the beach.
  Standing there with the dead behind me and the sacred shore before me, I felt a huge surge of sadness, suffering, patriotism, honor, sacrifice and holiness wash over me all at once.
  I felt honored to be at the cemetery, but unworthy to walk where those men willingly, knowingly gave there lives. That very alter of selfless sacrifice for freedom.
  With over 9,000 emblems of Christ's sacrifice for us behind me, and the sandy emblem of those 9,000 dead in front of me, all I could do was weep.
  
  Ambrose got it right.
• 
  Megan

  Wonderful. I highly recommend Ambrose for historical reading. He makes things interesting and detailed and you feel like you really get to know somewhat what it was like being there. I will definitely be reading his other books. It's embarrassing that it took me almost 7 months to read this one though!
  This book was a testimony to me that Heavenly Father was with those soldiers that day. It reminded me of Captain Moroni and the title of liberty-when you are fighting for your liberty and your wives and children then God will be with you.
• 
  Abigail

  I am currently listening to this audio book while at the same time reading the paperback of Anthony Beevor's D-Day book. I don't usually do that, listen to an audio book and read a paper copy book on the same topic. But in this case I am enjoying doing it, as I am really getting a full scope picture of this fascinating time in American history.
• 
  Jesse Washburn

  Good pacing and organization. Great first person anecdotes. The dark humor quotes by soldiers injected some great comedy. I'm no historian, but I felt some obvious US bias when negative actions of the Americans were overshadowed by worse examples of the Germans immediately after. Interesting read and look at a different time.
• 
  Kathlyn

  This book was terrible. It was biased, factually inaccurate and reflected the author's sycophantic relationship with Eisenhower rather than any objective understanding of the events of June 6 1944.
• 
  Jason Long

  Too much American "Hoo-ah" and not enough credit given to the British and Canadian forces (only the last 10% of the book is allocated to them). Ambrose even repeatedly sees the need to reiterate that the British could have done more had they not continuously stopped for tea.
• 
  Mac

  Ambrose sacrifices research for the sake of a flowing narrative.
• 
  Holly

  A great reminder of why we Americans should proudly stand for our flag!
• 
  Beth Cato

  A phenomenal book on a devastating and pivotal event. Ambrose is easy to read; it's the subject matter that is difficult here, the death and gore and sheer loss. All necessary for the cause of freedom, yet horrific.
• 
  Paul

  A really detailed book on D-Day
• 
  Nanto

  Biar Menghayati ditambah membaca pidato Ike pada saat D-Day
  
  Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force!
  You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have
  striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The
  hopes and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you.
  In company with our brave Allies and brothers-in-arms on
  other Fronts, you will bring about the destruction of the German war
  machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of
  Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world.
  
  Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well
  equipped and battle hardened. He will fight savagely.
  
  But this is the year 1944! Much has happened since the Nazi triumphs of
  1940-41. The United Nations have inflicted upon the Germans great defeats,
  in open battle, man-to-man. Our air offensive has seriously reduced their
  strength in the air and their capacity to wage war on the ground. Our Home
  Fronts have given us an overwhelming superiority in weapons and munitions
  of war, and placed at our disposal great reserves of trained fighting men.
  The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to
  Victory!
  
  I have full confidence in your courage and devotion to duty and skill in
  battle. We will accept nothing less than full Victory!
  
  Good luck! And let us beseech the blessing of Almighty God upon this great
  and noble undertaking.
  
  
  SIGNED
  
  
  
  Dwight D. Eisenhower
  
  Suaranya dapat didengar
  di link youtube ini
  
  Kalau tentara Indonesia pernah mendapat pidato menggugah dari Jenderal Soedirman,
  
  Pidato pertama sesudah pelantikan,
  
  Hendaknya perjuangan kita harus didasarkan atas kesucian. Dengan demikian perjuangan kita lalu merupakan perjuangan antara jahat melawan suci, dan kami percaya bahwa perjuangan suci itu senantiasa
  mendapatkan pertolongan dari Tuhan.(18 Des 1945, di
  Yogyakarta, sesudah pelantikan Pangsar)
  
  Anak-anak ku, Tentara Indonesia, kamu bukanlah serdadu sewaan, tetapi prajurit yang berideologi, yang sanggup berjuang dan menempuh maut untuk keluhuran tanah airmu. Percaya dan yakinlah, bahwa kemerdekaan suatu negara yang didirikan di atas timbunan runtuhan ribuan jiwa harta benda dari rakyat dan bangsanya, tidak akan dilenyapkan oleh manusia siapapun juga.” (Pangsar Sudirman, 5 Oktober 1949)
  
  Pidato lain yang banyak dikutip di dunia maya,
  
  Anak-anakku, tentara Indonesia, kamu bukanlah serdadu sewaan tetapi tentara yang berideologi yang sanggup berjuang dan menempuh maut untuk keluhuran tanah airmu. Percaya dan yakinlah, bahwa kemerdekaan satu
  negara, yagn didirikan diatas timbunan runtuhan ribuan jiwa harta benda dari rakyat dan bangsanya, tidak akan dapat dilenyapkan oleh manusia siapapun juga. Berjuang terus, saya tetap memimpin kamu sekalian. Tuhan insya Alloh melindungi perjuangan suci kita.
  (Jan 1948, halaman Candi Borobudur)
  
  (Sumber: dikutip dari
  link ini,) [pidato itu waktu acara latihan perang di Borobudur itu bukan yah?:]
  
  ***
  
  Pidato di atas, buat saya mengingatkan pada sebuah game RTS (Real Time Strategy) yang latar ceritanya perang jaman Romawi. Setiap menjelang pertempuran, seorang jenderal sambil menunggang kuda akan berpidato di depan para prajuritnya. Inti dari pidato itu berisi alasan dan tujuan untuk meyakinkan bahwa pertempuran itu secara "moral" sah dilakukan. (Sebisa mungkin diklaim sebagai just war barangkali). Hal yang sama dari pidato jenderal virtual itu dapat ditemukan dalam pidato dari dua jenderal dunia nyata.
  
  Lebih menarik lagi adalah memperhatikan pidato Eisenhower. Alinea ketiga merupakan uraian fakta. Misinya yang diuraikan di alinea pertama (the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of
  Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world) tidak langsung dikuatkan dengan kalimat penambah semangat saja. Alinea kedua malah mengingatkan bahwa musuh yang dihadapi adalah musuh yang tangguh. Namun, ketangguhan itu dijawab dengan data di aline ketiga.
  
  Ini yang menarik buat saya. Seolah Eisenhower mengatakan, lawan yang tangguh itu tidak lebih yang kuat dari prajuritnya yang lebih tangguh. Kemenangan Nazi Jerman yang pernah dicapai pada tahun 1940-1941 tidak lagi berarti dihadapan kekuatan mereka saat itu. The tide has turned! Selanjutnya ia kembali pada alur sebuah pidato pengobar semangat, dengan menekankan pada dua alinea penutupnya: tanggung jawab kemenangan dan segenap restu dari Tuhan dalam kerja mulia prajuritnya.
  
  Pidato yang cukup singkat itu masih menyisipkan rasionalitas yang layak disampaikan. Kenyataan musuh yang tangguh tidak ditutupi, meski keyakinan mereka lebih tangguh tetap harus ditekankan.
  
  Semangat bukan berarti meremehkan kenyataan. Begitu catatan saya atas pidato Ike.