The Long Game: How Obama Defied Washington and Redefined America’s Role in the World by Derek Chollet

The Long Game: How Obama Defied Washington and Redefined America’s Role in the World Reviews

• 
  Dennis Littrell

  Evaluating Obama’s presidency from the inside
  
  Chollet is an unabashed supporter of President Obama having served in several senior positions in the current administration. Consequently this is not only an explanation of why Obama did this and did not do that, but a cogent delineation and evaluation of those policies.
  
  Chollet devotes the first chapter to explaining why Obama did not bomb Syria and go after Assad when it was revealed that the dictator used chemical weapons against his own people. Obama has faced an enormous amount of criticism for seemingly doing nothing even though he had drawn a “red line” in the sand. But what his critics don’t want to acknowledge and what the general public doesn’t understand is that Obama got rid of the chemical weapons through diplomacy, something Chollet asserts could not have been done by using military force. The main point being that the huge stockpiles of chemical weapons were in numerous sites all over Syria, some in populated areas. Experts concluded that blowing up the sites from the air would be hard to do successfully and there would be the danger of the spread of toxic chemical plumes. (p. 12) Chollet quotes Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu as saying that the removal of Syria’s chemical weapons was “the one ray of light in a very dark region.” (p. 25) The Israelis believed that the chemicals weapons could very well be used against them and they saw no clear way to get rid of them.
  
  Personally I am convinced that Obama handled the chemical weapons horror in the right way, especially since I also read the same explanation in the recently published Our Separate Ways: The Struggle for the Future of the U.S.-Israel Alliance (2016) by Dana H. Allin, and Steven N. Simon. But I am not so sure the President has handled the overall problem of Assad correctly. I think getting rid of Assad early on would have clarified the military situation on the ground in Syria and made it easier to defeat ISIS. But, you know, when you are not privy to all the facts it’s a little like Monday morning quarterbacking. Although I have an undergraduate degree in political science from UCLA, or especially because of that, I am not sure what was the right thing to do, and indeed judgment in this case should probably be left to the historians. At any rate, I don’t think any amount of evidence will convince Obama’s critics.
  
  The heart of the book is the idea in the title: “The Long Game.” Short term results in foreign policy may result in long term failures, as we recall from the “Mission Accomplished” banner as George W. Bush deplaned on an aircraft carrier during the initial stages of the Iraq tragedy. The long game can be clarified from a “long game checklist” beginning on page 215. The elements are:
  
  Balance
  Sustainability
  Restraint
  Precision
  Patience
  Fallibility
  Skepticism
  Exceptionalism
  
  Balance. Obama believed that when he entered the White House in 2008 our policies both foreign and domestic were out of balance. We were too much engaged with the Middle East and not enough involved in what was happening in Asia. We were also too much involved with foreign affairs to the detriment of urgent needs at home.
  
  By sustainability Obama means conducting our affairs in such a way as to allow them to be sustained beyond his time in office.
  
  Restraint requires the kind of mentality that does not go off half-cocked or without due diligence. Chollet writes, “Strategy is as much about what one decides not to do” as much as it is about what one does. (p. 220)
  
  Precision “demands specific approaches for particular problems.” (p. 221) This sheds light on Obama inclination to use drones against ISIS rather than troops on the ground.
  
  Patience. Yes. Working just for next quarter’s earnings report may not be the best long term strategy either as a CEO or as President of the United States.
  
  Fallibility. Yes we are an imperfect nation and we have and will make mistakes. Chollet remarks, “The recognition of fallibility also cautions a leader to exercise power, especially military force, with great care.” (p. 224)
  
  Skepticism. We should be skeptical of “quick answers and easy justifications.” The quick draw McGraw style of Obama’s predecessor is the immediate case in point.
  
  Exceptionalism refers to the exceptionalism of the United States which Obama believes in, but with the emphasis on the tremendous responsibility of being the strongest nation on earth.
  
  I want to say in closing that what I find attractive about Obama’s foreign policy is his deep understanding that we, not just as Americans, but as human beings, must move away from the disastrous tribalism that has dominated international affairs since the dawn of history. The knee-jerk resort to the use of lethal force in attempting to solve conflicts must be reconsidered and every effort towards other solutions must be employed. As Obama has said, war must be the last resort.
  
  I enjoyed reading this book primarily because of the insights into the thinking of President Obama that Chollet presented.
  
  --Dennis Littrell, author of “The World Is Not as We Think It Is”
• 
  Chris Eells

  I received an ARC edition of the Long Game in return for an unbiased review.
  
  When reading about public figures, especially those still in office, personal bias has to always be taken into account when trying to do a review. At first, I found Derek Chollet's first hand accounts a refreshing perspective on the presidency, but I soon found them to be annoying and even irrelevant. I believe that the author did a fair job of presenting the argument that the President has an overriding foreign policy goal and is ardently striving to maintain it. Yet, in only providing first hand perspectives, he fails to develop or show the consequences of enforcing these policies on anyone other than the administration itself. Chollet does a fine job referencing all of his quotes and sources... (I find that I will likely read several of the books he referenced) but doesn't appear to make any effort to speak to anyone "on the ground", or for that matter, anyone not in support of the administration's actions/policies.
  
  Finally, one sentence late in the book, glaringly, and perhaps flippantly, showed how biased the author was in regards to the administration and politics in general. Perhaps I am wrong and holding this work to too high a standard, but I thought I was reading an analytical manuscript, not an opinion piece. Just because I agree with most of his opinions doesn't make me like Chollet's work.
• 
  Linda Rogde

  Explained foreign policy decisions made by President Obama in a clear precise readable way. He has taken a longer view of situations and been successful in several key areas- lessening number of chemical weapons and the Iran nuclear agreement while avoiding another major military engagement in the Middle East.
• 
  Don Heiman

  Derek Chollet's 2016 book "The Long Game" presents an exceptional history of President Obama's foreign policy challenges and successes. The book explains how the President's policies parallel Gawande's infamous "Manifest Checklist's" principles to balance, restrain, and sustain foreign relations in the context of patience and precision. Chollet's long-game discussion also demonstrates how President Obama mirrors George H.W. Bush, Dwight Eisenhower and John Quincy Adams' approaches to foreign relations governance. The book is exceptional.
• 
  Lindsey

  Turns out I don't love reading about foreign policy. I learned a lot about the nimble decisions that kept us out of war with Syria, but expected more insight into negotiations with Iran. I was not surprised to learn how thoughtful, nuanced and consistent Obama's foreign policy goals are. Would have preferred to read a long magazine article.
• 
  Joseph Stieb

  A useful, short book about the Obama admin's foreign policies from a guy who worked in the NSC and DoD. I read Chollet excellent "AMerica Between the Wars," and he's followed that up with another compelling look at Obama's approach to the world. The Long Game basically refers to Obama's FP of restraint, multilateralism, and perspective. Obama's FP was defined in large part by the complete mess he inherited: the Iraq War, the neglected AF/Pak conflict, the financial crisis, and the diminishment of U.S. global standing and legitimacy.
  
  CHollet traces how Obama navigated crises and reformed relationships, or at least tried, with allies and rivals. A few things stand out: Obama was consistently the most restrained and cautious of his advisers. When people in and out of his admin said we have to bomb LB, or enforce the red line in SY, or support the rebels in SY, he was almost always on the side of caution. He asked, "ok, what next?" regarding the use of force. His main priority was for the US to not "own" conflicts alone the way we ended up owning the Iraq War. At times, like early Russian FP or the LB intervention, he let willing allies in the region take the lead. He carefully distinguished between essential and non-essential interests, putting things like LB or ISIS in the secondary category. He was a consistent consulter who built coalition with allies and regional states to tackle problems, both to distribute the burdens and add legitimacy to U.S. action.
  
  A lot of this book is sort of a brief in defense of Obama, and I'm pretty pre-disposed to support its major points. I think Obama had some huge successes (the Iran Deal, healing relations with NATO powers, creating a long term security architecture for the rise of China) and didn't do anything that was a major disaster. The U.S. was less overstretched and on a more sustainable FP trajectory at the end of his tenure than the beginning, and our prestige was highly enhanced by his personal appeal to billions of people around the world. If Trump hadn't spent the last 4 years vandalizing Obama's accomplishments, the Obama admin would have set useful precedents for the next several decades of USFP.
  
  Let me address one last point: Obama is frequently lumped in with Bush as a "liberal hegemonist" who believes in spreading democracy through force and maintaining US superiority across the globe. This is largely incorrect, as Chollet's book helps us see. When Obama used force in AF, LB, and SY, it wasn't out of a starry eyed, neocon-type hope of democratizing foreign lands. It was to prevent disaster: the collapse of the gov't in AF, atrocities in LB, defeating ISIS in SY. He may have overpromised in some speeches, but he was deeply cautious about using force to spread democracy and liberalism to places that lacked both. His FP heroes were moderate, realist-minded Republicans like Bush 1 and Eisenhower. His view of U.S. global leadership was highly consultative and coalition-based, not imperialistic or hegemonic. Just because Obama talked the talk of U.S. exceptionalism at times and had a pretty activist foreign policy (most of which was cleaning up his predecessor's messes), doesn't mean he shared Bush and the neocons' agendas or assumptions about U.S. power.
  
  This is a good book for anyone looking for a brief and informative read on Obama's FP. If you want something longer and with more color, check James Mann's "The Obamians."
• 
  Stephen

  The Long Game argues that President Obama entered office with a distinct foreign policy and that more often than not, he was able to apply it to the problems he encountered, if with mixed results.Chollet describes Obama’s approach as the ‘long game’, and identifies eight various elements of it. Summarized: while the United States is in a unique position to effect change globally, it also can’t do everything it wants or even needs to do, necessarily. Careful thought should be given to balance the nation’s attention and resources between domestic and foreign priorities. Actions taken should be both sustainable in themselves, and lead to stable results. Small moves are best. Although approaches can be tailored on the fly to adjust to changing circumstances on the ground, or tangible proof that a given policy is not working, patience is also vital. When something has failed, the best thing to do is figure out what to learn from from the experience and move forward, not sink new resources into the mistake. Chollet then reviews some of the foreign policy stories of the Obama administration, examining Obama’s careful attempts to work with Russia and reluctance to engage with Libya or Syria (pre-2014). Discussion of North Korea is noticeably absent from The Long Game, but it’s a refreshing reminder of a president who challenged DC in a constructive way.
• 
  Kathleen Cochran

  Hard to read these days. The US's long game is over.
• 
  Turgut

  About having a sense of proportion between ends and means. America all the way.
• 
  Matthew

  A difficult read one month into a presidency that is the polar opposite of Obama's painstaking deliberations.
• 
  JH

  Interesting to read about some of the thoughts and ideas behind some of America's foreign policy decisions. Unfortunately, because the author was part of Obama's team, there was never a bad thing to be said in the book. "We made the choice that turned out well" "Other choices are risky, and in hindsight decision-making is always easier." "Nobody could predict how things could have turned out if we did so-and-so instead". It is simply too one-sided biased, but some details in the book are still informative, for instance the role of France in Syria, the negotiations with Gaddafi in Libya, Israel's deliberations in the midst of it all, and the parallels drawn with Bush Senior and Eisenhower.
  
  It's surprising how many crisis went on during Obama's term, Russian-Ukraine, Libya, Egypt, Syria, Benghazi. There was no mention of China though, not anywhere in the book, regarding the South China Sea, economies, detainment, or anything else. Which is rather ironic, given how many times the author claimed that "in Obama's term, America has repositioned itself away from Iraq-Middle East towards the Asia-Pacific", but the book is pretty much all-Middle East and minimally Euro-centric.
• 
  Henry

  Mr. Chollett writes a compelling and common sense explanation of the basis for President Obama's foreign policy, explaining the President's thinking and, yes, dinging the administration he served along the way.
  
  The book provides much coherence about the decisions made by the State and Defense bureaucracies in recent years and it should lead any reader to see that, in fact, Mr. Obama's foreign policy is logical, based on a solid understanding of American history and world affairs, and consistent with American tradition.
• 
  Chris

  “Strength isn’t narrowing all of your options so all that’s left is the use of force… Strength is using all of our assets—diplomatic, economic, and military—to build a global coalition to solve a problem. Strength is having the confidence, patience and persistence to implement the strategy over many years and in the face of many obstacles.”
• 
  Bill Zarges

  An aplologia for Obama's foreign policy from an administration insider........also a challenge to Amerika to eschew the "media-military-industrial complex" and proceed with a foreign policy that encourages strategic thinking and weighing options for the best results to further Amerika's interests as opposed to helter-skelter reactions to the cable news cycles.........
• 
  Alex

  Very good presentation of the Obama administration's strategies. Welcome view from a thoughtful administration insider.
• 
  Geetha

  Very well written.